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Tungsten disulfide (WS 2 ) has tunable bandgaps, which are required for diverse optoelectronic device applications. Here, we report the bandgap modulation in WS 2 monolayers with two-dimensional core-shell structures formed by unique growth mode in chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The core-shell structures in our CVD-grown WS 2 monolayers exhibit contrasts in optical images, Raman, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The strain and doping effects in the WS 2 , introduced by two different growth processes, generate PL peaks at 1.83 eV (at the core domain) and 1.98 eV (at the shell domain), which is distinct from conventional WS 2 with a primary PL peak at 2.02 eV. Our density functional theory (DFT) calculations explain the modulation of the optical bandgap in our coreshell-structured WS 2 monolayers by the strain, accompanying a direct-to-indirect bandgap transition. Thus, the core-shell-structured WS 2 monolayers provide a practical method to fabricate lateral heterostructures with different optical bandgaps, which are required for optoelectronic applications.

We synthesized a series of slightly erbium-substituted yttrium iron garnets (Er:YIG), Y 3– x Er x Fe 5 O 12 at different Er concentrations ( x = 0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.20) using a solid-state reaction and investigated their structural, magnetic, and optical properties as a function of Er concentration. The volume of the unit cell slightly increased with Er concentration and Er atoms predominately replaced Y atoms in the dodecahedrons of YIG. The optical properties exhibited certain decreases in reflectance in the 1500–1600 nm wavelength range due to the presence of Er 3+ . Despite the many unpaired 4f electrons in Er 3+ , the total magnetic moments of Er:YIG showed similar trends with temperatures and magnetic fields above 30 K. An X-ray magnetic circular dichroism study confirmed the robust Fe 3d magnetic moments. However, the magnetic moments suddenly decreased to below 30 K with Er substitution, and the residual magnetism ( M R ) and coercive field ( H C ) in the magnetic hysteresis loops decreased to below 30 K with Er substitution. This implies that Er substitution in YIG has a negligible effect on magnetic properties over a wide temperature range except below 30 K where the Er 4f spins are coupled antiparallel to the majority Fe 3d spins. Our studies demonstrated that above 30 K the magnetic properties of YIG are retained even with Er substitution, which is evidence that the Er doping scheme is applicable for YIG-based magneto-optical devices in the mid-infrared regime.

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