Despite the ever‐growing demand for Li metals as next‐generation Li battery electrodes, little attention has been paid to their oxidation stability, which must be achieved for practical applications. Here, a new class of printable solid electrolyte interphase mimic (pSEI) for antioxidative Li metal electrodes is presented. The pSEI (≈1 µm) is directly fabricated on a thin Li metal electrode (25 µm) by processing solvent‐free, UV polymerization‐assisted printing, exhibiting its manufacturing simplicity and scalability. The pSEI is rationally designed to mimic a typical SEI comprising organic and inorganic components, in which ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate and diallyldimethylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide are introduced as an organic mimic (acting as a moisture‐repellent structural framework) and inorganic mimic (allowing facile Li‐ion transport/high Li+ transference number), respectively. Driven by the chemical/architectural uniqueness, the pSEI enables the thin Li metal electrode to show exceptional antioxidation stability and reliable full cell performance after exposure to humid environments.
Lithium
(Li) metal has garnered considerable attention in next-generation
battery anodes. However, its environmental vulnerability, along with
the electrochemical instability and safety failures, poses a formidable
challenge to commercial use. Here, we describe a new class of antioxidative
Li reservoir based on interstitial channels of single-walled carbon
nanotube (SWCNT) bundles. The Li preferentially confined in the interstitial
channels exhibits unusual thermodynamic stability and exceptional
capacity even after exposure to harsh environmental conditions, thereby
enabling us to propose a new lithiation/delithiation mechanism in
carbon nanotubes. To explore practical application of this approach,
the Li confined in the SWCNT bundles is electrochemically extracted
and subsequently plated on a copper foil. The resulting Li-plated
copper foil shows reliable charge/discharge behavior comparable to
those of pristine Li foils. Benefiting from the confinement effect
of the interstitial channels, the SWCNT bundles hold great promise
as an environmentally tolerant, high-capacity Li reservoir.
In this study, a two-dimensional fully nonlinear transient wave numerical tank was developed using a desingularized indirect boundary integral equation method. The desingularized indirect boundary integral equation method is simpler and faster than the conventional boundary element method because special treatment is not required to compute the boundary integral. Numerical simulations were carried out in the time domain using the fourth order Runge-Kutta method. A mixed Eulerian-Lagrangian approach was adapted to reconstruct the free surface at each time step. A numerical damping zone was used to minimize the reflective wave in the downstream region. The interpolating method of a Gaussian radial basis function-type artificial neural network was used to calculate the gradient of the free surface elevation without element connectivity. The desingularized indirect boundary integral equation using an isolated point source and radial basis function has no need for information about the element connectivity and is a meshless method that is numerically more flexible. In order to validate the accuracy of the numerical wave tank based on the desingularized indirect boundary integral equation method and meshless technique, several numerical simulations were carried out. First, a comparison with numerical results according to the type of desingularized source was carried out and confirmed that continuous line sources can be replaced by simply isolated sources. In addition, a propagation simulation of a 2 nd-order Stokes wave was carried out and compared with an analytical solution. Finally, simulations of propagating waves in shallow water and propagating waves over a submerged bar were also carried and compared with published data.
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