Human papillomavirus (HPV) types 57 and 60 are associated with epidermal cysts of palmoplantar location (PPECs). Recently, there was a report of HPV 60 in a wart located in a nonpalmoplantar area as a possible precursor of a nonpalmoplantar epidermal cyst (NPPEC). There has been no study that has examined the presence and frequency of HPV in ordinary NPPECs. We reviewed 63 cases of epidermal cysts, including 59 NPPECs and 4 PPECs. After routine histopathologic review, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of extracted DNA, sequencing of PCR products, and, finally, a homology search were undertaken. As a result, 9 of 63 (14.3%) cysts, including 6 of 59 NPPECs (10.2%), showed a positive reaction on PCR. By homology search after PCR, all were demonstrated as HPV 60. For NPPECs, no variables, including some histopathologic features, are significantly related to the presence of HPV 60 in univariate or multivariate analysis (P > 0.05).

Many up-regulated genes were found in Ws by applying cDNA microarray. These gene profiles suggested a pathway associated with fibrosis and that wound healing might be related to the pathophysiology of VVs.

We think that 30 one-hair follicular units grafted with a KNU implanter is the proper density for better survival in Korean hair transplantation, and repeated sessions will be necessary for a better final result. However, we need further evaluation with a larger number of participants to overcome the small sample size and limitation of one-hair follicular unit grafts. The authors have indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters.

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We think surgical wound care with 3% hydrogen peroxide during hair restoration surgery does not affect the survival rate of hair grafts when compared with normal saline. We also need further evaluation with larger participants to overcome small sample size and to gather other information.