The modest fashion from the Islamic point of view is an emerging phenomenon that offers non-adherent and non-transparent clothes that cover a large part of the body respecting the religious dictates and it is seen as a growing industry in the fashion sector. The objective of this paper is to define a new economic opportunity for the fashion sector represented by Muslim consumers and to investigate the influence of Islamic ethical standards in the fashion which is defined by Shariah to better understand and meet the Muslim needs. From the religious, ethical perspective the study also focuses on the cultural, social and regulative aspect of Muslims some of these elements are considered extremely varied. To get this done, the institutional theory has been employed to systematically investigate the factors Influencing on the modest fashion. This paper takes advantage of case study methodology looking to the Italian context. Our findings stress the importance of the modest fashion in Italy due to the increase of Muslims in the country as well as the interest of the Italian companies in the national and international modest fashion market. Findings also highlight that despite the interest of Italian companies, a large segment of Muslims in Italian market adopts traditional methods to cover their needs and also the Islamic countries markets are still largely untapped by many Italian designers and clothing companies. The study contributes by proposing some influential factors taken from the institutional theory to understand the market needs and in order to access it.

The COVID-19 shock led to worsening government financing conditions, especially for entrepreneurship. In the global crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic, governments have launched various measures since March 2020. Because of global risk factors that could put strong downward pressure on EME. The monetary and fiscal policies of emerging economies will be important to create potential safeguards through pre-financing programs to reduce financial constraints for entrepreneurship. Women entrepreneurship has been affected by the Coronavirus epidemic. Women entrepreneurs have to deal with the problems caused by this virus, both economically and in the family. Monetary and fiscal policies have played a pivotal role in supporting the growth of emerging markets at the onset of the epidemic, but as policies have intensified, these favourable winds have begun to blow in the opposite direction. Inflation has risen sharply in many emerging markets due to rising commodity prices (energy and food), base effects, the rapid reopening and rapid recovery of developed markets. In this article, to better track the future growth of women entrepreneurship in emerging economies, we outline the consequences of Covid alongside financial perspectives, commodity prices, and fiscal policies. It also focuses on gender and the effects of this pandemic focus on monetary and fiscal policies to carefully examine its implications for the development of women’s entrepreneurship.

Dr Emma Green combines teaching and research in her role as Graduate Tutor at Sheffield Business School. Prior to entering academia, she worked at senior levels in both non-profit and private sector organisations in finance, strategy and governance. Her work has contributed to funding bids and accessing finance. Bids include highlighting experiential outdoor education approaches addressing the issues of education and employment of excluded youth. Financing includes the redevelopment of a workspace for creative businesses. She completed an MSc in Cooperative and Social Enterprise Management at Sheffield Hallam University; her research focused on personal values driving the creation of social economy organisations.

The study explores the influence of financing drivers on female entrepreneurial activity. We study the interaction of financing elements on domestic entrepreneurial activities and the role of financing on female-oriented international entrepreneurship in the United States, Italy and France. We analyse entrepreneurship at the two levels of total entrepreneurial activities (TEA) and export function by applying a logistic regression model and, we hypothesise that financing factors are affected by the motivation of starting business and export activities. The findings reveal that there is a significant and positive relationship between women entrepreneurship and financial institution-fund supporting at the domestic level. They confirm a positive and strong impact of access to finance on women’s entrepreneurial activities in three selected countries. In addition, the positive effect of the perception of entrepreneurship capability (as an indicator for human capital) on access to finance is identified. The research highlights how the different effects of economic freedom led to differences in the management of a company and the associated decision-making of female entrepreneurs. Future research could contribute by comparing financing for women’s entrepreneurship in developing countries compared to developed countries. The study mitigates the large research gap in the female entrepreneurial literature by examining the impact of the relationship between access to finance and women's performance in the international arena. It sheds new light on the concept of female entrepreneurship and the foresight needed for starting an activity.

No abstract