Further studies in this area are needed due to the popular use of mobile telephones and relatively high exposure on developing brain.

Diagnosis and measuring the level of increase in intracranial pressure (ICP) is critical, especially for the management of trauma patients in the emergency department and intensive care unit. However, measurements are operator-dependent as in all of the sonographic diagnoses. The aim of this study is to assess the operator variations in the measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD). There were four emergency medicine specialists involved in the study. Each had at least 1 year of experience of ultrasound scans and performed at least 25 prior ocular scans examining the ONSD. Two measurements were made 1 week apart from both axial and longitudinal planes. Sixty healthy adults were involved in the study and every investigator obtained four measurements from each. Intra-interobserver reliabilities were tested. The investigators performed 60 ocular ultrasounds on individual healthy adults and obtained two measurements in axial and longitudinal planes 1 week apart. Therefore, 960 measurements were analyzed. The levels of compatibilities for most of the measurements were found at acceptable levels statistically. However, it is not possible to say that there was a perfect compatibility among the sonographers according to the previously conducted reliability studies of ultrasound measurements. According to our results, it is hard to say that sonographic measurement of the ONSD is a highly reliable method both in longitudinal and transverse planes.

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Wellens' Syndrome is a pattern of electrocardiographic T-wave changes associated with critical, proximal left anterior descending (LAD) artery stenosis. Diagnostic criteria of Wellens' Syndrome are history of chest pain, little or no cardiac enzyme elevation, little or no ST-segment elevation, no loss of precordial R waves, no pathologic precordial Q waves and typical T-wave changes. Urgent cardiac catheterization is vital to prevent myocardial necrosis. Here we are presenting two cases with Wellens' Syndrome who had been sent for catheterization before marked myocardial infarction developed.The first case was 63 years old woman admitted to emergency room with a typical chest pain lasting for 7 h. Electrocardiography (ECG) revealed characteristic Type A Wellens' Syndrome. The second case was also a 64 years old female patient. She was admitted to emergency room with a chest pain lasting for 2 days. Type B Wellens' Syndrome was considered according to ECG and clinical findings. Emergency angiography revealed critical LAD occlusions which were resolved before marked MI occurred in both of the cases.It is important for the emergency physicians, to recognize the typical ECG findings of Wellens' Syndrome, because these characteristic ECG findings are considered as a marker for critical LAD occlusions.

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