One of the most effective methods of limiting air pollution emissions by ships at a berth in a port is the power connection of ships to the on-shore system. “Shore to Ship” (STS)—A universal system for the connection of the ship’s electrical power network with the on-shore network—ensures the adoption of the voltage and frequency of the on-shore network for the exploitation of various types of ships in the port. The realization of such a system is possible due to the use of semiconductor technologies during the construction of mechatronic systems (i.e., systems that ensure the maintenance of electricity parameters). The STS system ensures energy efficiency for high-power ship systems through the use of an active semiconductor converter. This article presents an analysis of steady state electromagnetic and energy processes, allowing the determination of the active and reactive power and losses in the STS system. The presented analytical research enables the development of a control algorithm that optimizes the system energy efficiency. In the article, the control methods allowing the optimization of the energy characteristics of the system are considered and investigated. On the basis of theoretical studies, a model was developed in the Matlab-Simulink environment, which allowed us to study steady and transient processes in the STS system in order to reduce losses in power lines and semiconductor converters.

For the safety of the supply, diesel generator (DG) sets are used in various stand-alone power systems using variable-speed generators. The stand-alone hybrid grid system presented in this article, with a wind generator and a diesel generator, but also the system of a ship’s network, serves as an example. To ensure the safety of the ship’s exploitation, the parallel operation of two stand-alone power supplies is required. In parallel operation with the required symmetrical active power load (regardless of the load size), the internal combustion engine of the DG set is often underloaded. This leads to deterioration of its technical properties and, consequently, to a negative impact on the environment. This article presents an analysis of the stand-alone hybrid power system of a ship’s grid consisting of a DG with a speed and voltage regulator and a shaft generator of variable speed—a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). The possibility of controlling the active and reactive power distribution between the DG and shaft generator (SG) was also studied. Control over the mechatronic SG–DG system limits the harmful influence of the DG on the environment and, most of all, improves the technical qualities of the engine of the DG system, which is often underloaded. Analytic studies of the system were performed, and simulation results of the mechatronic model are presented.

Abstract:The decisive source of air pollution emissions in ports is the berthed ships. This is primarily caused by the work of ship's autonomous generator sets. One way of reducing the air pollution emissions in ports is the supply of ships from electricity inland system. The main problem connected with the power connection of ships to the inland network is caused by different values of levels and frequencies of voltages in these networks (in various countries) in relation to different values of levels and frequencies of voltages present in the ship's network. It is also important that the source power can range from a few hundred kW up to several MW. In order to realize a universal "Shore to Ship" system that allows the connection of ships to the electricity inland network, the international standardization is necessary. This article presents the current recommendations, standards and regulations for the design of "Shore to Ship" systems.

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Currently, the improvement of efficiency in electricity systems is one of the key tasks facing the industry. Due to the energy criterion, the aim of the optimization of mechatronic systems is to reduce an adverse impact of the armature in the synchronous machine and limit losses in supply lines. In recent years, autonomous generating sets with Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) and ecological LNG engines are more and more often installed in power systemsThe article presents the concept of using a voltage inverter operating in the power source mode in a parallel connection with PMSG for distribution and regulation of active and reactive power * Corresponding author: d.tarnapowicz@am.szczecin.pl E3S Web of Conferences 46, 00016 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184600016 3 rd International Conference on Energy and Environmental ProtectionThe functional scheme of the mechatronic system of a PMSG and an autonomous inverter (AI), describing in the article, is presented in Figure 1. In this case, the CSAI block is the autonomous inverter control system, and the ARL block represents the active and passive load with various parameters.