Artemisia annua L. is an annual Eurasian desert-steppe plant. The composition of essential oils found in Artemisia annua from Russian (Buryatian) flora was analyzed in this work using gas chromatography mass-spectrometry method. Artemisia ketone, β-selinene, caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, germacrene D were the main components of the analyzed essential oils. The comparison of own and literature data showed that the essential oils of A. annua conditionally could be divided into "Asian" and "European" groups. Our samples, referring to "Asian" profile, exhibited higher antiradical activity in comparison with data from previously published studies.

The aim of the present work was to perform a morphological assessment of the cerebroprotective action of lanthanum acetate in chronic cerebral ischemia in rats. Chronic ischemia was produced in Wistar rats (weighing 160-180 g) by ligation of both common carotid arteries. Ischemic lesions were corrected by intragastric lanthanum acetate (3 mg/kg per day) throughout the experimental period. Ischemic damage to the cortex was assessed morphometrically on histological sections stained by the Nissl method. Lanthanum acetate was found to suppress the development of ischemic neuron damage in the cerebral cortex, with reductions in the numbers of hyperchromic neurons, cells with focal chromatolysis, and ghost cells, as well as an increase in the number of normochromic cells as compared with controls.

In modern life, the use of plant stress-protectors has taken on particular significance due to the wide distribution of neurosis-like and neurotic diseases caused by neuroendocrine-immune system imbalance. Special attention has been paid to the plants containing ecdysteroids, i.e., hormone-like bioactive substances with high adaptogenic activity. The article deals with the study of bioactivity of two plant extracts as Rhaponticum uniflorum (L.) DC. and Serratula centauroides L. with a high content of ecdysteroids and phenolic compounds. The models of acute and chronic emotional stress in white rats were used to estimate the stress-protective activity of R. uniflorum and S. centauroides extracts. Both extracts showed the stress-protective effect via inhibiting the development of signs induced by single and long-term effects of stress factors. In acute stress, the development of Selye's triad signs was less pronounced against the background of the plant remedies introduction. In chronic stress, the extracts prevented the development of anxiety-depressive syndrome. Besides, R. uniflorum and S. centauroides extracts banned the development of stress-induced injuries in the brain cortex and had a neuroprotective effect on ischemia against chronic stress. The stress-protective effects of both plant extracts were based on a decrease of hyperactivation of the central stress-promoting systems (sympathoadrenal, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal) due to their GABA-mimetic effects. Peripheral mechanisms were connected with the inhibition of free radical oxidation processes and with an increase in the endogenous antioxidant system activity. Thus, R. uniflorum and S. centauroides extracts have a high potential to increase non-specific body resistance against acute and chronic emotional stress effects.

The aim of the study was to determine the adaptogenic effect of the extract from the roots of Phlojodicarpus sibiricus during ischemic influence on the left hemisphere of the brain. Experiments were conducted on Wistar rats of both sexes weighing 200-220 g. Unilateral cerebral ischemia was induced by permanent occlusion of the left common carotid artery under ether anesthesia. Adaptogenic anti-ischemic effect of Ph. sibiricus was determined by the number of desquamated endotheliocytes, nitrogen oxide metabolites – nitrites in the blood, by the content of lipid peroxidation products – malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of the antioxidant defense system in the brain tissue. It is established that Ph. sibiricus has an anti-ischemic effect, reduces the number of endotheliocytes desquamated, increases the level of nitric oxide in the blood (p ≤ 0.05), stimulates SOD and catalase activity, reducing the intensity of lipid peroxidation and the accumulation of MDA in the brain during ischemic exposure (p ≤ 0.05). Preventive administration of Ph. sibiricus extract has an adaptogenic effect in unilateral cerebral ischemia, which consists in reducing desquamated endotheliocytes, increasing the production of nitric oxide by endothelium, increasing the antioxidant defense system and reducing the intensity of oxidative reactions in the brain. Adaptogenic effect of Ph. sibiricus extract is caused by endothelium protective and antioxidant effects.

Для цитирования: Гуляев С.М., Тараскин В.В., Раднаева Л.Д., Николаев С.М. Антиамнестический эффект экстракта вздутоплод-ника сибирского при скополамин-индуцированной амнезии // Обзоры по клинической фармакологии и лекарственной тера-пии. второй группы (контроль) вводили скополамин в дозе 1 мг/кг и воду очищенную, внутрибрюшинно; крысам третьей и чет-вертой групп вводили скополамин + экстракт P. sibiricus со-ответственно в дозах 50 и 100 мг/кг внутрибрюшинно. Тест распознавания предметов проводили через 30 минут после введения крысам скополамина и экстракта P. sibiricus. Ре-зультаты исследований показали, что введение крысам экс-тракта P. sibiricus предупреждало развитие амнезии, вызван-ной скополамином. Антиамнестический эффект экстракта P. sibiricus обусловлен холинергическим действием кумари-нов, содержащихся в растении. Keyword:scopolamine; antiamnestic effect; Phlojodicarpus sibiricus; dry extract. AAdsoras.The present study was investigated influence of Phlojodicarpus sibiricus (Steph. ex. Spregel) K.-Pol. extract on memory in scopolamine-induced amnesia in rats using object recognition test. The rats were divided into four groups: the first group consist of rats received purified water; rats of two groups administrated scopolamine in dose 1 mg/kg and purified water intraperitoneally; rats of three and four groups introduced scopolamine and P. sibiricus extract in doses 50 and 100 mg/kg accordingly intraperitoneally. The object recognition test was performed 30 minutes after the administration of scopolamine and the P. sibiricus extract. The results of the studies showed that administration of the P. sibiricus extract in animals at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg prevented the development of amnesia caused by the administration of scopolamine. The antiamnestic effect of P. sibiricus extract is due to the cholinergic effect of coumarins contained in the plant. ВВЕДЕНИЕКогнитивные расстройства, нарушение памя-ти при болезни Альцгеймера и некоторых других формах деменции обусловлены поражением холи-нергических нейронов и снижением функции хо-линергических систем в головном мозге. Холинер-гическая природа деменции подтверждена целым