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Сериков Г.Н., Сериков С.Г., Буров К.С. Факторы педагогического влияния на качество самоопределения обучающихся 23Вестник ЮУрГУ. Серия «Образование. Педагогические науки».

selection of pipeline route, specific engineering and geological conditions, pipe laying and construction of system, advantages and problems of chosen route. The subject of the paper is the response of the natural environment to various impacts associated with the oil and gas industry. The paper is devoted to the analysis of the current state of implementation of the project of development of the gas transportation system "Power of Siberia" in East and Southeast Siberia. The purpose of the study is to show the problems that arise at various stages of creating the object. That includes choosing the apropriate pipeline route and method of pipe laying. The project of gas transoptation system (GTS) "Power of Siberia" in East Siberia is being successfully implemented recently. The stages of exploration and design are completed, pipe is being layed. After successful research and design, one of the most important stages (pipe laying and system building in general) has started. Studying the seasonal and permafrost rocks is a very special direction in the general integrated system of engineering and geological knowledge. It is important to consider both studied parameters such as composition, structure, properties of rocks, and features of aggregate states of the object of research. Negative temperatures cause fundamental differences in the composition of rocks with the development of diverse underground ice, sometimes constituting up to 90 % of the thickness, and other characteristics. The main results of ecological and geocryological research recently performed by Melnikov Permafrost Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, which have revealed the main difficulties of the project and show the ways of their solution, are given. Advantages and features of the selected route in the specific engineering and geological conditions are described. The need for underground method of pipe laying is confirmed. It is concluded that complex and diverse natural conditions of the route of the GTS determine a number of specific problems at the stages of construction and operation within areas with permafrost soils and dangerous geocryological and engineering-geocryological processes. It is possible to avoid them only while studying the most difficult areas. Recommendations on the structure of department of engineering and geocryological monitoring are given. Ключевые слова: выбор варианта трассы трубопровода, конкретные инженерно-геологические условия, прокладка трубы и строительство системы, достоинства и проблемность выбранного варианта трассы. Предметом статьи является реакция природной среды на различные воздействия, связанные с нефтегазовой отраслью. Проанализировано современное состояние реализации проекта создания газотранспортной системы «Сила Сибири» в Восточной и Юго-Восточной Сибири. Цель исследования-показать проблемы, возникающие на различных стадиях создания объекта. К ним отнесены выбор варианта трассы трубопровода, способа прокладки трубы. Проект газотранспортной системы (ГТС) «Сила Сибири» в...

<p>In northern palsa mires stable isotopes of C and N of peat organic matter (OM) and O and H of segregated ice may serve as an important conduit of information about variability of environment conditions and OM turnover in the past millennia and modern time. In our study we applied the multi-isotopic record to distinguish variation in the development of palsa peatlands located in forest-tundra ecotone of Central Siberia.</p><p>The study sites are located in vicinity of Igarka settlement (67<sup>o</sup>31’ N, 86<sup>o</sup>38’E) within the area underlain discontinuous permafrost. The peat cores were obtained in the central intact parts of perennial frost hummocks located in basins of the Gravijka and Little Gravijka rivers (depth 8.6 and 2.7 m, respectively). Thawed and frozen peat samples were collected at 1.0-5.0 cm step depending on the amount of peat and ice material. Peat (solid) samples were analyzed for C and N content and stable isotopic composition (δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>15</sup>N) by TOC Macro cube (Elementar, Germany) paralleled with Isoprime 100 IRMS (UK). Water stable isotope composition (δ<sup>18</sup>O and δ<sup>2</sup>H) of segregated ice samples (melted) were obtained by Picarro L-2120-i (Picarro Inc. USA).</p><p>The age of studied peatlands ranged between about 6200 cal yr BP (Gravijka site) and 4300 cal yr BP (Little Gravijka site). Meanwhile, there was the large loss of organic matter in the upper active layer of peat deposits as at 15 cm depth the age of OM was ca. 1800 cal yr BP. These findings suggest OM removal during wildfires and likely erosion processes following fires, and specific isotopic composition mirrors an enhanced OM decomposition in active layer. The large variations in composition of analyzed stable isotopes in frozen peat core captured the changes occurred during the past epochs in an input of OM (changes in vegetation and productivity), peat decomposition rates, nitrogen cycle perturbations as well as hydrothermal regimes and permafrost processes like aggradation (e.g. hummock uplift and cryoturbation) and degradation (e.g. hummock collapse, shifts from minerotrophic to ombrotrophic conditions and vice versa).</p><p>This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project № 20-17-00043.</p>

<p>Recent climate change in Siberia is increasing the probability of dangerous forest fires. Our paleoecological study is focused on one of the palsa mires located at the eastern edge of the West Siberian Lowlands (Yenisei Siberia) in the forest-tundra ecotone. Perennial frost mounds, often called as palsas and peat plateaus, are the dominant landscape type in this region. The reconstruction of the Holocene fire history is based on high resolution macroscopic charcoal records and detailed AMS radiocarbon dating from a 8 m long peat sequence, obtained from the palsa mire situated near the town of Igarka (N 67°31’53.77’ E 86°38’05.65’). The comparison of the obtained results with multy-proxy paleoecological evidence included pollen, plant macrofossils, stable isotope and loss on ignition data from this peatland provides important new data on fire, climate and peatland interrelations during the last 6500 cal yr BP.</p><p>The obtained data show that peat inception in the studied mire occurred at about 6200 cal yr BP during the Holocene Thermal Maximum. The time interval between 6500 and 5360 cal yr BP was characterized by warm and dry climate conditions and the highest charcoal accumulation rate throughout the Mid and Late Holocene. The fire return period was 70-120 years that is shorter then at present. The main stages of palsa uplift occurred at about 5360 cal yr BP and 2250 cal yr BP and coincided with the periods of climatic cooling and moistening and permafrost aggradation in the Russian Arctic region. Since 5360 cal yr BP charcoal accumulation in the palsa decreased significantly and in some time intervals ceased. The fire return period extended to 1500-1800 years. The increase of the charcoal accumulation rate in the peatland under study occurred at the end of 14th – beginning 15th centuries and during the 20th century charcoal input declined. We supposed that human induced fires led to the biomass burning. According to historical data the Russian colonization of this part of Siberia began in the 17th century, but the first Russian settlers already found a local hunter population in the area of Igarka. The settlement lies on the banks of the Yenisei River, historically one of the main trading routes in Siberia. During the 20th century wood-using industry and a river harbor were developed in Igarka, was obviously accompanied by active deforestation that led to some reducing the forest fire occurrence.</p><p>The studies were supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant 20-17-00043).</p>