This study aims to develop a methodical approach to optimize the structure of teaching techniques and approaches to distance education, as exemplified by Russian universities, to enhance students’ professional competencies. A pedagogical experiment was conducted with the participation of 746 second to fourth year students majoring in engineering at the Ural Federal University in Russia. The coefficients for the relative importance of professional competencies were obtained through expert assessment. The number of experts was 40 faculty members with teaching experience of more than five years. The pedagogical experiment revealed the regularities of the influence of the forms of distance learning on the formation of students’ professional competency levels. The values of students’ developmental competency levels have been determined. Non-linear regression models have been developed based on the values of the integral level of professional competencies and the percentage of distance-learning forms in the number of instructional hours. The proposed methodological approach will be useful for university professors and teachers in identifying the most effective forms of distance learning and in differentiating teaching methods not only in the context of the general pandemic but also in the natural conditions of the educational process.

This article discusses the key points of developing a secure RESTful web service API for keeping a student achievement journal. The relevance of using web services has been analyzed. The classification of web applications is given. The features of the Single Page Application architecture were considered. Comparative characteristics of architectural styles of application programming interfaces are given. Requirements to be met by RESTful API services are considered. The basic principles of API security were analyzed. A list of the main vulnerabilities that may appear during the development of the REST API is given. An overview of popular authentication schemes (methods) is given. Comparative characteristics of web frameworks of the Python programming language are given. The main tools used in the development of web API applications are listed. The process of creating a secure prototype of a RESTful web service API in Python using the Flask microframework and a tool for describing the Swagger specifications is presented. The process of configuring the application was examined in detail. The main recommendations for securing a web application, database and web server settings are listed. The key points of ensuring the protection of the developed web application are considered. The results obtained were analyzed.

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We are developing methods of intelligent ranking of results for the intermediate assessment of knowledge on mathematical disciplines within the framework of a hybrid intelligent learning environment functioning. An extended structural diagram of a hybrid intelligent learning environment is presented and the methodology of forming a knowledge base is characterized. The study of new models of the pedagogical process is carried out using intelligent technologies. Clustering problems are solved and algorithms for analyzing test results based on the use of machine learning methods are proposed. The results of the proposed algorithms implementation are presented. The results of this study are of practical importance both for the development of methods for assessing knowledge in mathematical disciplines, and for identifying the abilities of students to research activities.

This study aims to study the control of interference and self-control in students with different levels of probabilistic thinking style (PTS). The study covered 90 students (average age 20 ± 3.03 years). The sample subjects were formed through the approximate modeling method. The experimental group covered students from the 1st to the 4th year. At the first stage, the features of the probabilistic thinking style were studied. At the second stage, the features of brake control were analyzed. The features of the probabilistic thinking style were studied through such methods as R. Amthauer's Test, New Uncertainty Tolerance Questionnaire (NTQ), S. Epstein's Intuitive Style Questionnaire, and the Prediction Ability Test (L.A. Regush). O.M. Razumnikova studied peculiarities of the interference control using the "Interference" method, the features of self-control using the ReBOS method. The results showed that students with a high level of PTS effectively use probabilistic knowledge and skills to make the right decision. Students demonstrate the ability to identify patterns and essence of probabilistic phenomena effectively using mental operations such as analysis, synthesis, generalization, comparison, and classification. It was found that the better the processes of inhibitory control are formed, the more efficiently the process of correlating the conditions of the problem and the information that can be used to solve it is carried out, and the more efficient the subject can identify common signs and properties of objects or concepts, compare them, move from visual-effective forms of comparison with the abstract comparison, that is, the higher the level of development of probabilistic thinking style. The revealed features of inhibitory processes and working memory in students, depending on the level of development of the probabilistic thinking style, make it possible to predict the effectiveness of student decision-making in a situation of uncertainty, and thus to develop effective strategies for finding innovative ways, methods, and means of enhancing the cognitive, including the mental activity of students.