The purpose of this article is to study the features of the usage of jet fuels for aviation gas turbine engines and the importance of the chymotology for the study of aviation kerosene and technical fluids usage in the of modern aviation technology. The role of practical aviation chymotology in ensuring reliable operation of aviation equipment and functional application of fuel and lubricants and technical fluids in existing and future aviation equipment is revealed in the work. In the present time jet fuels of both domestic and foreign production are supplied to meet the needs of the Air Force. The main tasks of chemical engineering are: the study of the processes that take place in the use of fuel on modern aircraft and the justification of requirements for the level of quality of aviation jet fuels and the assessment of the possibilities of its use, the development of the approaches of the optimization of the fuel quality, unification and standardization of quality assessment methods. Modern aviation jet fuels are produced from oil in the process of direct distillation on atmospheric tubule or on an atmospheric vacuum tubule and purification of the kerosene fraction with the addition of the necessary additives in order to improve performance. Thermal stability is important for jet fuels, especially for supersonic aviation fuels, since in modern aircraft with supersonic flight speed airfield heating of aircraft structures to high temperatures takes place due to adiabatic air compression in front of the aircraft. The surface temperature of the aircraft at a speed of 3 Mach can reach +330oC , and at 4 Mach can reach + 630oC. The main direction of improving the thermal stability of jet fuels, especially for supersonic aviation, is to improve the design of aircrafts and aircraft engines, as well as to improve the quality of jet fuels. The main ways of increasing of the thermal stability of jet fuels are changes in the technology of fuel production, an improvement of cleaning technologies, the use of more efficient additives, the use of fine filtration of nitriding of fuels and fuel pre-cooling. Keywords: fuel and lubricants, technical fluids, practical aviation chemistry, quality control, operational properties, gas turbine engine, efficiency and reliability of operation, physicochemical properties.

The creation and development of means of refueling equipment began with the rearmament of the world army to samples of weapons and military equipment, which were equipped with internal combustion engines. For the operation of the aforementioned engines, it was necessary to produce, transport, accumulate and apply a wide range and quantity of fuel and lubricants. Equipping military equipment with internal combustion engines began at the turn of the twentieth century and was almost completed before the start of World War II, simultaneously with the introduction of internal combustion engines into widespread use, the problem arose of delivering fuels and lubricants to the end consumer and organizing refueling of equipment both in stationary and in field conditions. The impetus for the development of technical means of transportation, storage and refueling of military equipment was the large-scale hostilities on the fronts of the Second World War. Until now, refueling equipment continue to develop, both in the direction of improving the technical design and capabilities and in the direction of adapting the design of refueling facilities to the requirements of modern arms and methods and ways of armed struggle. The history of the development of weapons and military equipment, increase of their power and capabilities has led to the widespread use of internal combustion engines, and subsequently led to an increase dependence of the combat effectiveness of military units and formations on the availability and quality of fuels and lubricants used on weapons. Keywords: the history of the development of means of refueling, the creation and modification of means of refueling, the improvement of methods for delivering petroleum products, the use of refueling equipment in modern conditions.

УДК 355.455(477) Сергій Янюк аспірант ОРІДУ НАДУ при Президентові України. старший викладач Військової академії (м. Одеса) ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНА ОБОРОНА ЯК ПРОТИДІЯ ЗАГРОЗАМ НАЦІОНАЛЬНІЙ БЕЗПЕЦІ УКРАЇНИ В даній статті проведений аналіз військових загроз національні безпеці України та ролі територіальної оборони як складової воєнної організації держави з протидії цим загрозам. Також викладені основні положення стосовно державної політики із захисту національних інтересів, місце і значущість територіальної оборони. Аналізуючи можливі загрози національній безпеці України, оцінено можливі воєнні небезпеки та воєнні загрози, які за ступенем масштабності, напруженості, спрямованості, часових показниках і т.д. Визначені результати аналізу можуть бути використані для оцінки як потенційних, так і реальних воєнних загроз державі. Ключові слова: територіальна оборона, воєнна організація держави, воєнна небезпека, територіальна цілісність, національна безпека.