El presente documento, estudia la relación entre la aplicación de prácticas de Gobierno Corporativo (GC), incluidas en el Código de Mejores Prácticas Corporativas (CMPC) y el nivel de cumplimiento que tiene su aplicación en las organizaciones, en función a determinadas características empresariales, tales como, el tamaño (medido por el total de activos al 31 de diciembre de cada año), el sector de pertenencia (de acuerdo a la clasificación de la Bolsa Mexicana de Valores) y la rentabilidad. Para ello, se calcula un índice general de cumplimiento, el cual se analiza considerando determinadas características organizacionales. Los resultados obtenidos, nos podrían sugerir, que a pesar de ser obligatoria la disposición del apego al CMPC, existen empresas que no cumplen al 100% y por tanto no debería permitírseles cotizar en Bolsa.

The purpose of this paper is to know the level of compliance with corporate practices related to the audit function, contained in the Code of Best Corporate Practices, issued by the National Banking and Securities Commission and influence on organizational financial performance (specifically on financial profitability), for this, a sample of 405 questionnaires of best corporate practices, belonging to 125 non-financial companies, are listed on the Mexican Stock Exchange during the period, 2010-2014. The results of the application of the linear regression model, could allow us to affirm that the Audit Function (INDEX_FA), increases the financial profitability of the organizations, which is a great success on the part of the Mexican regulators.

After the publication of the modifications made to the General Law of Mercantile Companies of Mexico of 2015 and, particularly, to its article 142, provisions aimed at complying with Best Corporate Governance Practices were established in the country, with special attention to the agency problem. evidenced in the conflict of interest between owners and organizational administrators. The purpose of this study is to determine the existence of a statistically significant relationship between the corporate governance mechanism (audit function) and the handling of accounting results (income management) by management. For this, a sample consisting of 119 Corporate Practice Codes and 119 annual reports of companies dedicated to the industry and materials, listed in the Mexican financial market, was analyzed in the period 2014-2019. The results of the application of the linear regression model show a statistically significant positive relationship between the variable audit function and accounting manipulation; on the contrary, the sector to which they belong has a negative impact and, therefore, is a variable that reduces discretionary adjustments. It is concluded that it is necessary to apply the Mexican regulations relating to commercial companies, with a mandatory and not optional character.

El objetivo de este trabajo es examinar si la adaptación de la normativa contable mexicana a las IFRS ha convertido los principios mexicanos en unas normas de mayor calidad, incrementando su comparabilidad con los US GAAP y reduciendo la manipulación de los resultados. A su vez, nos cuestionamos, de acuerdo con la Teoría de la Agencia, si las diferencias entre las variables contables calculadas bajo la normativa mexicana y americana pueden ser debidas a la interpretación oportunista de los estándares mexicanos por los managers más que a las diferencias en la normativa contable de ambos países. Los resultados sugieren que los esfuerzos para converger las normas contables han incrementado la comparabilidad del resultado contable, si bien esta convergencia se debe también al uso oportunista de la elección de los métodos contables en función de la distinta coyuntura económica.

The energy sector has a positive impact within the national GDP in Mexico with US795471.185. The electricity age began in Mexico in 1849, after it began in the United States and Europe. On the other hand, the adequate consumption of energy is indispensable for the economic and social development of a country. The electric power industry is one of the fundamental pillars on which the economy of all countries is based, so that the operation of this sector directly affects the economic growth of Mexico. The current situation in Mexico requires changing the way energy is produced and consumed to ensure sustainable economic development. The world is now facing the challenge of combating climate change, while pursuing economic growth and an equitable distribution of wealth. Electricity cannot be stored because higher costs, so demand and supply must be absolutely balanced in real time. A number of countries, such as the USA, China, Brazil, Japan and Russia, are in a continuous process with a common objective: to provide a reliable and economical electric service. However, in Mexico, the 2013 constitutional reform was implemented, which promotes the improvement of Mexican economies, with the main objective of reducing the cost of electricity and gas. The present research is an approach to the behavior of the energy market.