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Internet routers have packet buffers which reduce packet loss during times of congestion. Sizing the router buffer correctly is important: if a router buffer is too small, it can cause high packet loss and link under-utilization. If a buffer is too large, packets may have to wait an unnecessarily long time in the buffer during congested periods, often up to hundreds of milliseconds. While an operator can reduce the operational size of a router buffer, the maximum size of a router buffer is decided by the router manufacturer, and the operator typically configures the router to use all the available buffers. Without clear guidance about how big a buffer needs to be, manufacturers tend to oversize buffers and operators tend to configure larger buffers than necessary, leading to increased cost and delay.

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