There are numerous reports that patients with thalassemia are faced with hypercoagulability leading to vascular disorders. One of these complications is known as a silent infarct, defined as a small infarct detected by cerebral imaging but without any neurological symptoms. Since it has a progressive nature, it is of vital importance because it may lead to symptomatic cerebrovascular accidents in the future. Twenty-two children with thalassemia intermedia were enrolled into the study and MRI scans were performed. All demographic data and clinical features of the patients were obtained during the follow-up period. In addition to the patients, 13 healthy controls were included to compare serum anticoagulant levels with those of the thalassemia intermedia patients. Four of the patients were found to have silent cerebral infarcts (SCIs). The lesions involved varying amounts of the deep cerebral white matter and sub-cortical areas. One patient showed 'net line' filling defects within the ambient cistern on MRI images corresponding to moyamoya vessels. Three patients had undergone splenectomy, and three were transfused irregularly and had less than six transfusions per year. More importantly, protein C levels were lower and platelet levels were significantly higher in the patient group compared with controls. We were not able to find any association between SCI and transfusion number or splenectomy. However, of the total patients four thalassemia intermedia patients had SCI in early childhood and this is an unusual finding. In order to verify the findings, further studies must be conducted involving larger numbers of patients.

Horseshoe lung is a congenital pulmonary malformation that is usually associated with scimitar syndrome. This malformation consists of fusion of both pulmonary lobes from the posterobasal segments. The fusion appears in the retrocardiac area, in front of the esophagus and thoracic aorta. Pleural separation of pulmonary lobes distinguishes pseudohorseshoe appearance from a true horseshoe lung. Scimitar syndrome known as hypogenetic lung syndrome is a part of the congenital pulmonary venolobar syndrome. It is a partial anomalous pulmonary venous return with pulmonary hypoplasia. Scimitar vein is an anomalous drainage vessel between the right pulmonary lobe vessels and the inferior vena cava. The appearance of the vessel resembles Turkish scimitar; therefore, the syndrome is called scimitar syndrome. We hereby report a 61-year-old woman with adult form congenital scimitar syndrome and will describe the imaging findings of pseudohorseshoe lung appearance.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to detect the types and prevalences of vena cava variations, as well as looking for gender differences and associating anomalies. Patients and Methods: The computed tomography (CT) images of 5763 patients who had undergone thorax and abdominal CT examinations were evaluated retrospectively for superior vena cava (SVC), inferior vena cava (IVC), and left renal vein (LRV) variations. Results: Vena cava variations were detected in 637 (11%) patients. SVC variations were present in 15 (0.26%) patients, while 36 (0.64%) patients had IVC, and 596 patients (10.34%) had LRV variations. It was also shown that there was no difference between the prevalences of the variations in terms of gender difference. When associating anomalies were evaluated, it was seen that there was a significant increase in the risk of observing the horseshoe kidney anomaly in patients with retroaortic left renal vein (RALRV) variation. Conclusion: Vena cava variations are not rare. When present, they may coexist with other vena cava variations or other variations. These variations can easily be detected on CT. Properly characterizing and classifying IVC variations is crucial for proper planning of surgical interventions and transvenous interventions to prevent serious complications and failures.

Osteopetrosis is a clinical syndrome characterized by the failure of osteoclasts to resorb bone. Excessive bone density can interfere with vital tissues and structures, causing serious problems of the body. Hematopoietic insufficiency, disturbed tooth eruption, nerve entrapment syndromes, and growth impairment may develop in a patient with osteopetrosis. Herein, we present an adolescent girl diagnosed with non-infantile type of osteopetrosis with rare complications of the disease like mandibular osteomyelitis and portal hypertension (PHT) without liver cirrhosis. To our knowledge, this is the first pediatric case with osteopetrosis related PHT.