As seen in previous studies, basement membrane nudity appeared after carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum could be attributable to mesothelial cell apoptosis, deterioration of the cell structure, and cell organelles.

In this study, the production and analysis of a composite vessel were performed. The materials selected for the design of the composite materials were glass fiber/epoxy, carbon fiber/epoxy and Kevlar fiber/epoxy material. Anti-symmetric orientation angles of (30°-30°), (45°-45°), (60°-60°) and (75°-75°) were used for each material. In the design of the vessel, the total thickness of the wall is defined as 3 mm. The containers were modeled using the SOLIDWORKS package program with the wall thickness of 10 and 20 layers. The containers modeled are then analyzed to determine maximum deformation and maximum stress by using the ANSYS WORKBENCH 14.0 package program which analyzes according to the finite element method. While making solutions, a pressure of 1.65 MPa as the test pressure of the vessel was defined as hydrostatic from the inner surface of the vessel, and von-Mises stress and total deformations were determined. As a result of this study, it has been determined that a 60°-60° orientation angle is the most appropriate design angle considering both the deformation values and maximum stress. Maximum stress in the design of composite containers was far below the flow limit and remained within acceptable limits for shape changes.

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Evaluation of the reliability of deep excavation support systems requires the inclusion of the soil variability in conjunction with probabilistic analysis. This is often considered a complicated process; therefore, the method is usually not followed in routine engineering practice. Recent developments in finite element modelling now enable probabilistic analyses to be performed more conveniently. As an illustrative example, the case history of a 20 m-deep excavation supported by anchored drilled shafts in the Sogutozu district of Ankara was investigated. Experimental results indicate that saturated sand-gravel bands, which are common within Ankara Clay, have the potential to cause a significant decrease in the anchor capacity. Ergo the excavation performance, including structural capacity and wall lateral displacements, was evaluated taking into regard the probabilistic nature of the effect of these bands and the variability of the soil parameters. Back-analysis was performed and compared with inclinometer readings to examine the capability of the numerical model to simulate the field behaviour. Later, additional finite element analyses were carried out through Python scripting software to investigate the reliability of the excavation. Geotechnical parameters of the Ankara Clay produced by Monte Carlo simulation method were used in these analyses. The results were evaluated within the context of recommended acceptable reliability levels. The reliability of the system was determined to be relatively low when taking into account the adverse impact of sand and gravel bands.

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