In this study, we compared the simple methods of skinfolds, ultrasound, and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) against the standard of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) in the assessment of body fat in normoactive Turkish male and female university students. We wished to develop new regression equations to more accurately predict percent body fat from skinfolds and ultrasound for this group of individuals. One hundred and four male (age 22.292.5 years; height 1.7790.06 m; mass 74.9910.4 kg) and one hundred and four female (age 21.991.9 years; height 1.6590.06 m; mass 55.697.9 kg) students aged 18Á26 years participated in the study. Analysis of variance and confidence intervals were used to compare mean percent body fat derived from skinfolds, ultrasound, BIA, and DEXA measurements, while intra-class correlation coefficients and Pearson correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the strength of the relationship between the methods. Bland and Altman plot analysis was used to evaluate the strength of agreement of the three methods with DEXA. Moreover, multiple regression analyses were conducted to develop new regression equations to predict percent body fat from subcutaneous fat thickness measured at three sites. The accuracy of the predictive equations was assessed by a crossvalidation test. Mean percent body fat derived from DEXA (18.596.2% for males, 28.491.3% for females) was found to be significantly (pB0.01) greater than that derived from skinfolds (12.495.5% for males, 20.891.0% for females), ultrasound (12.097.8% for males, 25.091.4% for females), and BIA (13.794.9% for males, 19.291.0% for females) in both males and females. According to the Bland and Altman plot analysis, ultrasound gave the closest results to DEXA for females and males and females combined, whereas BIA gave the closest results to DEXA for males. Skinfolds were the second closest measure to DEXA for all groups. Results of the regression analysis showed that measurement of subcutaneous fat thickness at three sites by skinfolds and ultrasound best predicted percent body fat for males and females respectively. Multiple correlations using three sites simultaneously in the skinfold measurements were r 00.92 (/ ŝ02.4) and r 00.91 (/ ŝ02.8), and in the ultrasound measurements were r 00.93 (/ ŝ02.3) and r00.90 (/ ŝ03.0), for males and females respectively. In conclusion, comparison of the methods revealed that the three techniques could not be used interchangeably in this population. However, with these new regression equations, ultrasound and skinfolds are confirmed to be accurate, portable, and non-invasive tools for use in field studies. As a result, ultrasound can be used accurately on all individuals, regardless of whether they are obese or thin.

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Purpose:The aim of this study is to obtain a diagnostic tool that can be used to determine the contribution of sports to life skills by adapting the "Life Skills Scale for Sport" developed by Cronin and Allen (2017) into the Turkish culture. Design & Methodology:For this purpose, the scale items were translated into Turkish and then translated into English back. Subsequently, the consistency between back translation and the original version was evaluated. When it was found that there was not any semantic loss, the original scale consisting of 43 items and 8 sub-dimensions was applied to 482 athletes who perform regular exercise. Internal consistency coefficient (Cronbach's α) and Explanatory Factor Analysis (EFA) was performed to test the construct validity and reliability.Findings: As a result of the analyses, a difference was observed in the factor distributions of the adapted questionnaire items, compared to the original version of the questionnaire. The findings that were obtained from the EFA show that the adapted questionnaire consists of seven factors and 31 items has an acceptable factor structure. In the scope of the reliability study, internal consistency coefficient was calculated as .92. Pearson Moments Correlation Coefficient (r=.82) calculated for test-retest reliability study was found to be high and significant, too. Implications & Suggestions:As a result, the adapted questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool for the Turkish culture.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between level of physical activity and eating behaviors of university students. 270 students attending to Inonu University in 2018-2019 academic year and volunteering were included in the study. A short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-SF) and the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) were administered to the participants along with the socio-demographic information form. Data were analyzed by IBM statistics (SPSS, version 25.0, Armonk, NY) windows package program and independent samples t test, Kruskal Wallis H test and Mann-Whitney U test were used with descriptive statistics. The findings were evaluated at 95% confidence interval and 5% significance level. While there was no statistically significant difference between eating habits, departments, classes, monthly income and place of residence of university students, there was a significant difference between BMI, adequate and balanced nutritional status and the reasons for skipping meals. Moreover, there was no significant relationship between eating behaviors and physical activity levels of university students, but men were more physically active than women were. As a conclusion, the possible effects of mood on eating behavior and physical activity should be determined in more detail by face-to-face interviews with students who have high scores from DEBQ questionnaire. Moreover, awareness can be enhanced by organizing trainings and information meetings in order to gain healthy eating habits along with physical activity.

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the effects of participation in sports on the structural deformities of the foot. Methods: A total of 2013 athletes (1301 males, 712 females) who had regularly participated in sports for a minimum of three years were included in the study. Screening of the sole was performed using a podoscope as it is a reliable and practical device. The structure of the sole was evaluated with the highly valid Staheli index. Results: A significant relationship was detected between the ages of the athletes, years in sport, branch of sports variables and the prevalence of flat foot. However, no significant relationship was found between the athletes’ gender and the prevalence of flat foot. Conclusion: It is thought that the training regimes, the floor on which the sports is performed and the shoes used in sports had effects on flat foot deformity. Based on our results, we assert that redesigning the competition shoes and using sports shoes with arch support during warm-ups, running and other sportive and educational drills outside the routine activities of the sports branch may be beneficial for foot health.