In this work, the design of a wideband low-noise amplifier (LNA) using a resistive feedback network is proposed for potential multi-band sensing, communication, and radar applications. For achieving wide operational bandwidth and flat in-band characteristics simultaneously, the proposed LNA employs a variety of circuit design techniques, including a voltage–current (shunt–shunt) negative feedback configuration, inductive emitter degeneration, a main branch with an added cascode stage, and the shunt-peaking technique. The use of a feedback network and emitter degeneration provides broadened transfer characteristics for multi-octave coverage and a real impedance for input matching, respectively. In addition, the cascode stage pushes the band-limiting low-frequency pole, due to the Miller capacitance, to a higher frequency. Lastly, the shunt-peaking approach is optimized for the compensation of a gain reduction at higher frequency bands. The wideband LNA proposed in this study is fabricated using a commercial 0.13 μm silicon-germanium (SiGe) BiCMOS process, employing SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) as the circuit’s core active elements in the main branch. The measurement results show an operational bandwidth of 2.0–29.2 GHz, a noise figure of 4.16 dB (below 26.5 GHz, which was the measurement limit), and a total power consumption of 23.1 mW under a supply voltage of 3.3 V. Regarding the nonlinearity associated with large-signal behavior, the proposed LNA exhibits an input 1-dB compression (IP1dB) point of −5.42 dBm at 12 GHz. These performance numbers confirm the strong viability of the proposed approach in comparison with other state-of-the-art designs.

frequencies which are 200, 500, 800, and 1000 MHz. The patterns are called divisive as they are consists of main lobes as shown in Figure 7. The energy distributed is not equal which is right lobe is smaller in magnitude compared to the left lobes because some energy released has been absorbed by the resistor. CONCLUSIONBased on Refs. 3, 5, 8, and 9, the physical dimensions of the planar monopole antenna presented are considered small in size and broadband. This antenna is fed from the bottom of the patch. After a lot of parameter optimization routine, the compact size with optimum performance is obtained. By integrating 50 dual bevel angle with a single 100 X resistor, the more current flow to the ground and the radiating element has become more magnetic. Thus, the proposed antenna achieved a very wideband impedance bandwidth of approximately more than 200%. A prototype antenna was designed, fabricate and the performance measure is presented. The antenna has the ability to operate for the VHF and partial of UHF spectrum. Besides the targeted white spaces (broadcasting spectrum) is also catered by this antenna. This gives it more credit as a great choice for the CR applications in the future.ABSTRACT: This article presents a simple complementary metaloxide-semiconductor (CMOS) ring oscillator using a voltage-controlled delay and RS-latch, including a compensation circuit for the process and temperature variations. The compensation circuit, added to the original bias circuit, is a simple current sinker which is referenced through a current mirror circuit. The proposed oscillator was designed and implemented using a 0.13 lm CMOS process. The oscillator exhibited a significantly improved frequency variation of 64.25% for a wide temperature range of from À40 to 80 C. Without the compensation circuit, the variation would have been 613.39% from the center frequency of 2.33 MHz. The oscillator also showed a low sensitivity of 0.084% to process variation, according to a Monte-Carlo simulation with 1000 iterations.

We have designed a new current-mode low-voltage, low-power supply, high-frequency CMOS VCO(Vo1tage Controlled Oscillator) circuit. The main purpose of this new circuit is to obtain low phase noise with more than 1 GHz oscillation frequency from one battery cell. The fully differential-type voltage clamp delay cell VCO enables extremely low supply voltage operation due to wide tuning range and superior linearity between the oscillator frequency and control voltage of a ring oscillator because of low phase noise. A design which combines the transitions of each delay cell output enables the VCOs high frequency operation. The characteristics of the designed VCO were examined by the HSPICE and SABER circuit simulation. Operation with a 3.3 power supply and 3.6 GHz oscillation frequency was verified.