An effective chemical way to optimize the oxygen electrocatalyst and Li‐O2 electrode functionalities of metal oxide can be developed by the control of chemical bond nature with the surface anchoring of highly oxidized selenate (SeO42−) clusters. The bond competition between (Se6+−O) and (Mn−O) bonds is quite effective in stabilizing Jahn–Teller‐active Mn3+ state and in increasing oxygen electron density of α‐MnO2 nanowire (NW). The selenate‐anchored α‐MnO2 NW shows excellent oxygen electrocatalytic activity and electrode performance for Li‐O2 batteries, which is due to the improved charge transfer kinetics and reversible formation/decomposition of Li2O2. The present study underscores that the surface anchoring of highly oxidized cluster can provide a facile, effective way of improving the oxygen electrocatalyst and electrochemical performances of nanostructured metal oxide in Li‐O2 cells.

Metal–oxide interfaces provide a new opportunity to improve catalytic activity based on electronic and chemical interactions at the interface. Constructing a high density of interfaces is essential in maximizing synergistic interactions. Here, we demonstrate that Cu–ceria interfaces made by sintering nanocrystals facilitate C–C coupling reactions in electrochemical reduction of CO2. The Cu/ceria catalyst enhances the selectivity of ethylene and ethanol production with the suppression of H2 evolution in comparison with Cu catalysts. The intrinsic activity for ethylene production is enhanced by decreasing the atomic ratio of Cu/Ce, revealing the Cu atoms near ceria are an active site for C–C coupling reactions. The ceria is proposed to weaken the hydrogen binding energy of adjacent Cu sites and stabilize an *OCCO intermediate via an additional chemical interaction with an oxygen atom of the *OCCO. This work offers new insights into the role of the metal–oxide interface in the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to high-value chemicals.

Surface roughness is promotive of increasing their hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity to the extreme according to the intrinsic wettability determined by the surface free energy characteristics of a base substrate. Top-down etched silicon nanowires are used to create superhydrophilic surfaces based on the hemiwicking phenomenon. Using fluorine carbon coatings, surfaces are converted from superhydrophilic to superhydrophobic to maintain the Cassie-Baxter state stability by reducing the surface free energy to a quarter compared with intrinsic silicon. We present the robust criteria by controlling the height of the nanoscale structures as a design parameter and design guidelines for superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic conditions. The morphology of the silicon nanowires is used to demonstrate their critical height exceeds several hundred nanometers for superhydrophilicity, and surpasses a micrometer for superhydrophobicity. Especially, SiNWs fabricated with a height of more than a micrometer provide an effective means of maintaining superhydrophilic (<10°) long-term stability.

Peering has been a core concept to sustain Internet industry. However, for the past several years, many ISPs broke their peering arrangement because of asymmetric traffic pattern and asymmetric benefit and cost from the peering.Even though traffic flows are not a good indicator of the relative benefit of an Internet interconnection between the ISPs, it is needless to say that cost is a function of traffic and the only thing that we can know for certain is inbound/outbound traffic volumes between the ISPs. In this context, we suggest Max {inbound traffic volume, outbound traffic volume} as an alternative criterion to determine the Internet settlement between ISPs and we demonstrate this rule makes ISPs easier to make a peering arrangement. In our model, the traffic volume is a function of a market share. We will show the market share decides traffic volume, which is based on the settlement between ISPs. As a result, we address the current interconnection settlement problem with knowledge of inbound and outbound traffic flows and we develop an analytical framework to explain the Internet interconnection settlement.