As breast conserving surgery increases in the surgical treatment of breast cancer, partial mastectomy is also increasing. Polycaprolactone (PCL) is a polymer that is used as an artifact in various parts of the human body based on the biocompatibility and mechanical properties of PCL. Here, we hypothesized that a PCL scaffold can be utilized for the restoration of breast tissue after a partial mastectomy. To demonstrate the hypothesis, a PCL scaffold was fabricated by 3D printing and three types of spherical PCL scaffold including PCL scaffold, PCL scaffold with collagen, and the PCL scaffold with breast tissue fragment were implanted in the rat breast defect model. After 6 months of implantation, the restoration of breast tissue was observed in the PCL scaffold and the expression of collagen in the PCL scaffold with collagen was seen. The expression of TNF-α was significantly increased in the PCL scaffold, but the expression of IL-6 showed no significant difference in all groups. Through this, it showed the possibility of using it as a method to conveniently repair tissue defects after partial mastectomy of the human body.

Aberrant branches of the radial artery at the level of the forearm have rarely been reported. Preoperative workups to identify aberrant branches of this type have also seldom been performed. However, surgeons elevating a radial artery-based flap should consider the possibility of aberrant arterial branching. Otherwise, the circulation of both the flap and hand may be endangered. We present a case of an anomalous radial artery branch that resulted in an intraoperative alteration of the flap design. A novel technique was used to preserve the circulation of the entire flap, and the patient recovered with adequate healing of the flap and donor areas. No hand function deficits or subjective complaints were noted. In conclusion, surgeons should be aware of the superficial radial artery or other aberrant branches of the radial artery that may be located in various locations during radial artery-related flap elevation.

Background: Hand transplantation for upper extremity amputation provides a unique treatment that restores form and function. In January 2021, the first hand allotransplantation since legalization was successfully performed. Based on that experience, the authors performed a second Hand allotransplantation in March 2022. Methods: A-47-year-old man patient underwent mechanical amputation injury in February 2019. After going through the registration process of waiting for transplant registration, hand transplantation was performed in March 2022. The transplantation was performed in distal 1/3 in right forearm. The Immunosuppressive induction therapy included basiliximab with successive maintenance therapy of tacrolimus, methylprednisolone and mycophenolate mofetil. And proper anti-coagulant therapy was performed before and after surgery. Results:The operation took about 18 hours, and there was no abnormality in the blood flow of the transplanted hand after the operation. One month after the operation, a debridement and skin graft was performed on partial skin necrosis of forearm. A mild acute rejection episode was found (postoperative day 2 months), in which hand skin rash occurred. Rejection episode is resolved through steroid pulse therapy. The graft is tolerable with current maintain dose of lowered tacrolimus level and oral steroid. Dorsal, volar and finger area senses are currently being restored, and cognitive senses for each digit are also being restored. Motor function is also being trained through rehabilitation exercise. Conclusions: The 47-year-old male patient's hand allotransplantation has been good so far, and it is necessary to thoroughly observe whether there is a rejection reaction in the future and focus on rehabilitation treatment at the same time.