Introductıon: HBV infection is a global public health problem. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) are nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) that are used for the treatment of CHB infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the treatment response and efficacy of TDF, which was a new treatment regimen in Turkey Materials and Methods: This descriptive, retrospective study was conducted between January 2009 and January 2011 at Inonu University Faculty, Turgut Ozal Medicine Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hepatology Outpatient Clinic. We included hepatitis B positive patients who started to use Tenofovir (TDF). We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical files of Hepatitis B patients. HBsAg, Hepatit B surface antibody (Anti-HBsAb), HBeAg, Hepatit B e antibody (Anti-HBeAb), HBV-DNA, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values were evaluated in the 1, 3., 6., 9., and 12. months. Result:  None of the patients under TDF treatment were “primary resistant”. ALT normalization at 12th month was seen in 80.4% of study population. HBsAg seroconversion were detected only in one patient (0.85%) at 9 months and HBeAg seroconversion were observed in 9 (8.3%) under TDF treatment. At the sixth month of TDF treatment, complete response were found in 77 (65.8%), partial response in 21 (18%) and inadequate response were in 19 (16.2%). Among HBeAg positive patients, 44 (80 %) patients had undetectable HBV DNA levels at the end of 12th month and among HBeAg negative patients, 52 (91.2%) patients had undetectable HBV DNA levels at the end of 12th month (p<0.01). Discussion and Conclusion: among patients with chronic HBV infection, Tenofovir had satisfying  antiviral efficacy. There is no primary resistance in patients treated with Tenofovir. Patients had statistically significant improvement in AST, ALT, HBV DNA levels

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Objective: This study is designed to measure the effect of 10-minutes training about occupational diseases, history taking and relation of occupation and hypertension on occupational history taking rates of physicians.  Materials and Methods: This research is conducted between 01 April 2018 to 31 May 2018 at Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine Outpatient Clinic. The training including the importance and methods of taking occupational history, and the relation between occupation and diseases is given to the new assistant doctor group as an extra 10 minutes’ education session. At the end of May, researchers screened electronic medical files of patients who diagnosed with hypertension (ICD10 code I10) of outpatients in General Internal Medicine Division in April and May 2018. Results: We reviewed the data of 3619 adult patients administered to General Internal Medicine Outpatient Clinic of Hacettepe University Hospitals in between 01 April to 31 May 2018. A total of 395 (10.9%) patients had hypertension diagnosis code. The total number of patients whose occupational history taken were 151 (38.2%). There were statistically significant difference between physician groups not trained in April and trained 10 minutes in May, 62 (32%), and 89 (44.3%), respectively (p:0.012). Among the hypertensive patients whose occupational history were recorded, 36 (23.8%) had an occupation. Conclusion: This result emphasizes the importance of education in raising awareness of taking an occupational history. As occupational diseases are 100% preventable diseases, taking occupational history will enhance the diagnosis and effective treatment of the occupational or work-related diseases. Beginning from the medical faculty lectures, seminars and post-graduate education have to be added and increased regarding this important issue. Keywords: Occupational history, occupational disease, hypertension.

Amaç: Çalışmada hastanemizde yapılan tiroid ultrason sonuçlarının TIRADS şekliyle yorumlanması, tiroid İİAB sonuçlarını, cerrahi uygulanan hastaların histopatolojik bulgularını güncel literatür eşliğinde retrospektif olarak değerlendirmeyi amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntem: Mersin Şehir Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesinde, 01.01.2020-31.12.2020 tarihleri arasında 869 hastanın yapılan ultrason, ardışık tiroid İİAB işlemleri ve opere olan hastaların patoloji sonuçları retrospektif olarak incelenmiştir. Bulgular: Nodüllerin 691(%79.5) solid, 142 (%16.3) mix ve 36 (%4.1) kistik yapıda olup, 296 (%34.1) hastada tek nodül saptanırken, 572 (%65.8) hastada multiple nodül mevcuttu. Nodül boyutunu küçüldükçe malign olma potansiyelindeki artış (p=0.008) istatiksel olarak anlamlı olarak değerlendirildi. Opere edilen 61(%7) hastanın histopatolojik sonuçları, 32 (%52.4) adet benign, 20 (%32.8) adet papiller karsinom, 8 (%13.1) adet papiller mikrokarsinom, 1(%1.6) adet foliküler neoplazi olarak rapor edildi. Benign sitolojiye sahip 32 (%52.4) olan hastalarda en çok 10(%16.4)'ü Bethesda 3/ TIRADS 4 olarak tespit edildi. En sık tespit edilen papiller karsinoma 20(%32.7) sahip olan hastaların 3 (%4.9) Bethesda 3/TRIADS 4 ;3 (%4.9) Bethesda 3/TRIADS 5 tespit edildi. Sonuç: Çalışmada TIRADS'a göre malign olarak kategorize edilmesine rağmen Bethesda'ya göre benign grup olarak kabul edilen özellikle Bethesda 1-2-3 hastaları, TIRADS ve Bethesda sistemi birlikte değerlendirildiğinde erken dönemde maligniteyi yakalayabildiği gibi, gereksiz cerrahileri azaltılabileceğinin göz önünde tutulması önerilmektedir. Sonuç olarak iki yöntemin birleştirilerek kullanılması desteklenmektedir; tiroid ultrasonu yapan radyologların, klinisyenlerin ve cerrahların ultrason raporlarını ACR-TIRADS ile ilişkilendirmeleri ve sonuçlarını da takip etmeleri tavsiye edilmektedir.