ObjectiveTo analyze the prevalence of anatomical variations of celiac arterial trunk (CAT) branches and hepatic arterial system (HAS), as well as the CAT diameter, length and distance to the superior mesenteric artery.Materials and MethodsRetrospective, cross-sectional and predominantly descriptive study based on the analysis of multidetector computed tomography images of 60 patients.ResultsThe celiac trunk anatomy was normal in 90% of cases. Hepatosplenic trunk was found in 8.3% of patients, and hepatogastric trunk in 1.7%. Variation of the HAS was observed in 21.7% of cases, including anomalous location of the right hepatic artery in 8.3% of cases, and of the left hepatic artery, in 5%. Also, cases of joint relocation of right and left hepatic arteries, and trifurcation of the proper hepatic artery were observed, respectively, in 3 (5%) and 2 (3.3%) patients. Mean length and caliber of the CAT were 2.3 cm and 0.8 cm, respectively. Mean distance between CAT and superior mesenteric artery was 1.2 cm (standard deviation = 4.08). A significant correlation was observed between CAT diameter and length, and CAT diameter and distance to superior mesenteric artery.ConclusionThe pattern of CAT variations and diameter corroborate the majority of the literature data. However, this does not happen in relation to the HAS.

Conventional angiography is still considered the gold standard for the study of the anatomy and of vascular diseases of the abdomen. However, the advent of multidetector computed tomography and techniques of digital image reconstruction has provided an alternative means of performing angiography, without the risks inherent to invasive angiographic examinations. Therefore, within the field of radiology, there is an ever-increasing demand for deeper knowledge of the anatomy of the regional vasculature and its variations. Variations in the renal vascular system are relatively prevalent in the venous and arterial vessels. For various conditions in which surgical planning is crucial to the success of the procedure, knowledge of this topic is important. The aim of this study was to familiarize the general radiologist with variations in the renal vascular system. To that end, we prepared a pictorial essay comprising multidetector computed tomography images obtained in a series of cases. We show patterns representative of the most common anatomical variations in the arterial blood supply to the kidneys, calling attention to the nomenclature, as well as to the clinical and surgical implications of such variations.

The cranio-vertebral transition (CVT) is composed by the base of the occipital bone and the first two cervical vertebrae, atlas and axis (C1 and C2, respectively). This region is susceptible to conformational abnormalities, such as platybasiaflattening of skull base -and basilar invagination -protrusion of the tooth of the C2 to the posterior fossa. They are mutually associated, and both may also relate to cerebellar tonsil herniation. Clinical repercussions are varied and derive from compression of nervous structures or obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid circulation, with consequent hydrocephalus and syringomyelia 1 . Imaging exams are indispensable in the assessment of CVT, and the gold-standard is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), especially because it can demonstrate both musculoskeletal and nervous elements involved. Craniometric imaging parameters were first established last century, notably from German Conclusão: Houve uma tendência a platibasia, invaginação basilar e estreitamento da transição craniovertebral, que poderiam ser influenciados pela natureza multirracial e por fatores antropológicos da população estudada.Palavras-chave: platibasia; imagem por ressonância magnética; circunferência craniana.

Although digital angiography remains as the gold standard for imaging the celiac arterial trunk and hepatic arteries, multidetector computed tomography in association with digital images processing by software resources represents a useful tool particularly attractive for its non invasiveness. Knowledge of normal anatomy as well as of its variations is helpful in images interpretation and to address surgical planning on a case-by-case basis. The present essay illustrates several types of anatomical variations of celiac trunk, hepatic artery and its main branches, by means of digitally reconstructed computed tomography images, correlating their prevalence in the population with surgical implications.

Resumo-Este artigo apresenta uma técnica de limiarização para detecção de acidente vascular cerebral hemorrágico (AVCh) em imagens de tomografia computadorizada (TC) de cérebro. Foram utilizados operadores morfológicos, limiarizações e operações entre imagens simples no processamento, com o objetivo de realizar essa detecção com o menor tempo de processamento possível e um baixo custo computacional. Assim, criando uma ferramenta computacional (CAD-Computer-Aided Detection/Diagnostic) viável para auxiliar profissionais da saúde na detecção do AVCh sobretudo em serviços de saúde não especializados em radiologia. Foram obtidosótimos resultados, como uma sensibilidade e acurácia de 100% para a base de dados utilizada.