Cystinuria is an, inherited metabolic disorder progressing with recurrent kidney stones due to impaired reabsorption of dibasic amino acids and arises from mutations in the SLC3A1 and SLC7A9 on chromosome 2. Cystine crystals were detected in the urinalysis of a 17-year-old male patient who was investigated for recurrent kidney stones. Because of demonstration of cystine excretion in the urinary amino acid analysis and having positive family history, we suspected Cystinuria Type B and initiated supportive therapy. However, based on the results of molecular analyses his diagnosis was changed as Cystinuria Type A. In conclusion, our final diagnosis was changed according to the molecular analyses but our treatment approach did not change. Therefore we would like to emphasize that, prominent physical examination findings and supportive laboratory test results will be sufficient for the diagnosis of cystinuria.

Background: Human milk has many proven benefits but breastfeeding rates are far below the desired optimal level. Social media plays an important role in accessing information and advice on health-related issues. There are several studies investigating how the social media has an impact on the community about health-related issues and decisions. We aimed to reveal how much Instagram has touched on breastfeeding and related contents about infant feeding. Material and Method: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. We surveyed on Turkish Instagram accounts which only share about children health and diseases between June 2018 and January 2019. We searched the hashtags about child health and infant feeding and we enrolled the accounts that have more than 1000 followers. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS 16.0 for Windows. The significancy level was accepted as p

Objective: After Covid-19 pandemic was declared, a number of restrictions have been imposed all over the world. We aimed to detect changes in eating habits of children and adults during Covid-19 pandemic when lifestyle changes were inevitable due to these restrictions. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The data collection process was completed by online questionnaire forms sent via mail system. There were questions about demographic characteristics of the participants and their children, lifestyle changes during the pandemic period and awareness of the pandemic. Participants with more than one child were asked to use the information of their youngest children. In statistical analyzes we used “Statistical Package for Social Science” (SPSS) 20.0 for Windows. Pearson Chi-square test was used for comparisons of categorical variables. The significance level was accepted as p≤ 0.05 in all statistical processes. Results: A total of 327 people between 19-65 years of age participated in this study, and 174 of them had children with a mean age of 6.8 years, including 96 (55.7%) boys and 78 (44.3%) girls. Among all children, physical activity decreased in 101 (58%), screen time increased in 87 (50%) and 40 (23%) of them consumed their meals in front of the screen. The snacking habits of 130 (74.8%) children increased, 34 (19.5%) started consuming too much junk food and 12 of them (6.9%) gained weight. We observed that boys consumed more food than girls during their stay at home when compared to usual prerestriction days as they felt anxious and troubled (p=0.02). Conclusion: Pandemics do not affect our lives not only with disease burden but also, have effects on daily lives of families and children. During this period, besides precautions against infection, special interest should be given to feeding, sleeping habits and physical activities that would boost immune system and measures should be taken to prevent harmful habits.

Erken çocukluk döneminde komplikasyonlarının ağır seyretmesi ve uzun dönem morbiditesinin yüksek olması nedeniyle akut bakteriyel menenjit bu yaş grubunda en önemli enfeksiyonlar arasında yer alır. Menenjit etkenleri yaşa, konak faktörlerine, yaşanılan bölgelere göre farklılık gösterir. Menenjitin semptom ve bulguları sistemik enfeksiyonla ilişkili ateş, iştahsızlık, zayıf beslenme, baş ağrısı, üst solunum yolu enfeksiyon semptomları gibi nonspesifik bulgulardan, meningeal iritasyon bulguları, kafa içi basınç artışı sendromu ve nöbetlere kadar değişiklik gösterir. Akut bakteriyel menenjitin erken tanısı ve tedavisine hızla başlanması hastalığın prognozu açısından çok önemlidir. Tanıda altın standart yöntem, etkenin beyin omurilik sıvısında gösterilmesidir. Tedavi protokolü enfeksiyonun eradikasyonu için en kısa zamanda uygun antibiyotik tedavisinin başlanması, enfeksiyona bağlı sekellerin en aza indirilmesi ve eğer kardiyopulmoner bozukluk varsa destek sağlanmasıdır. Aşılama ve kemoprofilaksi bakteriyel menenjit gelişimini azaltan iki önemli antitedir. Türkiye'de pnömokok ve Hib aşılarının ulusal aşı programına dahil edilmesiyle meningokok menenjitinin görülme sıklığı artmıştır. Meningokok aşısı risk grubundakilere kuvvetle önerilirken, yaygınlığı dünyada bölgesel olarak değişiklik gösterdiğinden aşı tercihi, lokal epidemiyolojik ve ekonomik değerlendirmelere göre ülke bazında yapılmalıdır.

Suicide is the second leading cause of death among 15-19 years old group globally. Recent years suicidal thoughts and attempts have increased in adolescents. While Turkey is among the countries with a low suicide rate, the last ten-year statistics show that suicide attempts have steadily increased especially among young people. The aim of this review is to determine the factors that cause suicide and to identify the necessary measures to prevent adolescent suicides.