The genus Quercus L. (Fagaceae) is represented by 461 species worldwide. Its distribution ranges from the temperate northern hemisphere to Malaysia and Colombia. Quercus bark is rich in tannins and is used as an astringent. Quercus macranthera subsp. syspirensis (K.Koch) Menitsky is endemic to Turkey and is known as "ispir meşesi". The plant is a small deciduous tree up to 7 m tall. Leaves obovate with 5-9 short lobes, stipules filiform, primary veins 6-10 and petiole 5-20 mm.The plant material was collected from Kastamonu-Araç (Turkey). A voucher specimen was deposited in the Ankara University Faculty of Pharmacy Herbarium (AEF). The samples for anatomical studies were protected in 70% alcohol. The transverse and surface sections were cut by hand with razor blade into microscopic preparat form. The Sartur solution was used in microscopic examinations. Leica DM 4000B microscope was used for anatomical analysis and micro photographing.According to the results of the anatomical study, the leaf is bifacial. Numerous stellate hairs are found on the upper and lower epidermis. Stomata are located only on the lower epidermis. The leaf and petiole contain solitary crystals. The petiole is characterized by a numerous stellate hairs. The sclerenchymatous tissue surrounds the vascular bundles in the form of a ring.

Objective: Consolida thirkeana (Boiss.) Bornm. (Ranunculaceae) is considered endemic to Turkey and identified by pale lilac flowers, sessile follicles, and laciniae linear leaves. The genus Consolida can often be confused morphologically with Delphinium, in this respect, members of the genus Consolida need chemotaxonomic interest. In this study, the phytochemical content of C. thirkeana was clarified by GC/MS analysis.Material and Method: The plant material was collected from Ayaş (Ankara/Turkey). A voucher specimen was deposited in the Ankara University Faculty of Pharmacy Herbarium. The aerial part of the plant was powdered in a grinder. The powdered plant parts were macerated with methanol. The GC-MS analysis of extracts was performed using an Agilent 6890 gas chromatograph equipped with an Agilent 5973N quadrupole mass spectrometer (Agilent, USA). Mass Hunter software (Qualitative Analysis B.07.00) and the NIST Mass Spectral Library (2014) were used for determining and identifying compounds.Result and Discussion: The analysis results of this study showed the presence of 15 compounds in C.

Amaç: Silene L. (Caryophyllaceae) türleri geleneksel olarak iltihap, idrar yolu iltihabı, göz rahatsızlığı, cilt sorunu, mide ağrısı, dizanteri, diş çürümesi, ateş, baş ağrısı, sıtma, sivilce ve sırt ağrısı tedavisinde kullanılmaktadır. Silene türlerinin kimyasal bileşenleri flavonoidler, antosiyanidinler, terpenoidler, triterpen saponinler, fitoekdisteroidler, benzenoidler, vitaminlerden oluşur ve antioksidan, antiinflamatuar, antitümör, antiviral aktivite gösterirler. Silene ruscifolia (Hub.-Mor. & Reese) Hub.-Mor. Türkiye'de "gizli nakıl" olarak adlandırılır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Bitki materyali Beynam Ormanı'ndan (Ankara/Türkiye) toplandı. Bitkinin toprak üstü kısımları ultrasonik banyoda metanol ile ekstre edildi. Otomatik örnekleyici, ikili pompa, kolon fırını ve bir UV dedektörüne sahip HPLC sistemi (Agilent 1260 Serisi), Çift Sprey Agilent Jet Stream elektrosprey iyonizasyon kaynağına sahip bir iFunnel Quadrupole Time-of-Flight LC-MS system (Agilent G6550A) ile birleştirildi. Bileşiklerin ayrılması için Agilent TC C-18 (4.6 mm x 150 mm x 5 µm) kolonu kullanıldı. Ekstrenin GC-MS analizi, bir Agilent 5973N dört kutuplu kütle spektrometresi (Agilent, ABD) ile donatılmış bir Agilent 6890 gaz kromatografı kullanılarak yapıldı. Bileşiklerin belirlenmesi ve tanımlanması için Mass Hunter yazılımı (Qualitative Analysis B.07.00) ve NIST Mass Spectral Library (2014) kullanıldı.Sonuç ve Tartışma: LC-MS Q-TOF analizi, S. ruscifolia'nın rutin, narsissin, luteolin, izoramnetin, ramnetin ve kersetin dimetil eter içerdiğini gösterdi. GC-MS analizi, ekstrenin şeker (%50.5) ve şeker alkolleri (%46.39) olarak en yüksek içeriğe sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca karboksilik asit (%0.47), yağ asidi (%0.64), şeker asidi (%0.42), glikozit (%0.48), karotenoidler (%0.61) ve benzoik asit esteri (%0.49) içerir. D-pinitol, %41.14 ile ekstredeki en yüksek içeriğe sahiptir.

In this study, the anatomical structures of the leaf, stem, root and phyllary of Cirsium caucasicum (Adams) Petr. were clarified. The plant material was collected from Şavşat-Ardahan (Türkiye). The cross and surface sections were cut by hand with a razor blade into microscopic preparation form. The Sartur solution was used in microscopic examinations. According to the results, the leaf is dorsiventral and the epidermal layers contain stomata on both surfaces. In the midrib, besides the main vein, lateral veins are also observed. The upper epidermal layer of the leaf lamina is furnished with setae. The leaf surface is various in terms of cover hairs. The glandular hairs appear on both surfaces of the leaf. The flowering stem is grooved-circular. The non-glandular hairs, glandular hairs and stomata were observed on the epidermis layer of the stem. The vascular bundles are embedded in the pith cells and protected like a cap by pericyclic sclerenchymatous tissue. The root consists of periderm, sclerenchymatous pericycle, secretory canals and vascular tissues. The pith region is composed of completely lignified cells. The secretory canals are arranged regularly in the periphery the root. The cells in the outer and inner epidermis layers of the phyllary are lignified and the secretory canal is located under the sclerenchyma at the outward protrusion, it is accompanied by the vascular bundle.

In this study, the antibacterial activity of methanol and acetone extracts of Chlorella sp. was examined. The chemical contents of the extracts were clarified by GC/MS analysis. Antibacterial activity of Chlorella sp. extracts was determined as a minimum inhibitory concentration by broth microdilution method against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213. It was found that methanol and acetone extracts of Chlorella sp. showed antibacterial activity against B. subtilis ATCC 6633 (625 µg/ml and 1250 µg/ml, respectively), E. faecalis ATCC 29212 (>5000 µg/ml and 1250 µg/ml, respectively), E. coli ATCC 25922 (>5000 µg/ml), P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (>5000 µg/ml), S. aureus ATCC 29213 (2500 µg/ml) at the specified concentrations. In the chemical analysis of the extracts, it was determined that the fatty acids were in high amounts, 33.22% and 40.41%, respectively, in the methanol and acetone extracts. Among the alternative methods to show activity against pathogenic microorganisms, algae can be a good natural resource. This study showed that Chlorella sp. contains high fatty acids and has potential as an antibacterial agent of natural origin.