Melanoma is a serious form of skin cancers begins in the melanocyte. Micro‐RNAs are small noncoding RNA with 19 to 25 nucleotides in length involves in the regulation of a wide range of biological processes. MicroRNAs are affected by an aberrant epigenetic alteration in the tumors that may lead to their dysregulation and formation of cancer. Recently, dysregulation of numerous microRNAs has been reported in different types of cancer. The present study focused on the role of miR‐143 in carcinogenesis of melanoma cancer. Here, we evaluated the expression level of miR‐143 in three melanoma cell lines in comparison with the normal human epidermal melanocyte cell line. Then, miR‐143 gene plasmid transfected into the WM115 cell line, for having the lowest expression of miR‐143. In addition, the effect of miR‐143 transfection on mRNA and protein levels of metastasis‐related genes was performed along with MTT assay, wound healing assay, and flow cytometry. The results showed that mRNA and protein expression levels of metastasis‐related genes including MMP‐9, E‐cadherin, Vimentin, and CXCR4 have been reduced following transfection of miR‐143. Moreover, the results of the scratch test showed that miR‐143 re‐expression inhibited cell migration. Also, the role of miR‐143 in the induction of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation by flow cytometry and MTT was confirmed. As a result, the present study showed that miR‐143 was involved in metastatic and apoptotic pathways, suggesting that miR‐143 acts as a tumor‐suppressor microRNA in melanoma cancer.

Background. The goal of this systematic review and meta-analysis was analyzing published studies on the role of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in infection and spatially spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) among cirrhotic patients. Methods. PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched until May 24, 2022. The Newcastle–Ottawa scale was used for quality assessment. Results. Of 14 studies included in our study, six studies were on infection with 2786 hospitalized cirrhotic patients, of whom 934 developed an infection. Other studies were on SBP with 1573 cirrhotic patients with ascites, of whom 557 developed SBP. The pooled results showed that there was no difference in NLR levels between hospitalized cirrhotic patients who developed infection compared to those who did not (random-effects model: SMD = 0.63, 95% CI = −0.01–1.27, p = 0.054 ). However, cirrhotic patients with ascites who developed SBP had elevated levels of NLR compared to those who did not (random-effects model: SMD = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.52–1.57, p < 0.001 ). This difference remained significant in prospective studies (SMD = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.51–1.38, p < 0.001 ) but not in retrospective studies (SMD = 1.37, 95% CI = −0.56–3.29, p = 0.165 ), in the subgroup analysis according to the study design. The pooled sensitivity of NLR was 92.07% (95% CI = 74.85%–97.84%) and the pooled specificity was 72.58% (95% CI = 57.72%–83.69%). The pooled positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, DOR of NLR were 3.35(95%CI = 2.06–5.46), 0.10 (95%CI = 0.03–0.38), and 30.78 (95%CI = 7.01–135.04), respectively. Conclusion. Our results support NLR to be a valid biomarker that can be readily integrated into clinical settings to help in the prevention and prediction of SBP among cirrhotic patients.

Background Lipid accumulation product (LAP) is an index calculated by waist circumference (WC) and triglyceride (TG), which reflects lipid toxicity. This study aims to investigate the association between the LAP index and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods and results PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science online databases were searched for eligible studies that investigated the association of the LAP index and NAFLD. Sixteen observational studies with 96,101 participants, including four cohort studies, one case‒control study and 11 cross-sectional studies with baseline data, were entered into this analysis. Fourteen studies reported a significant association between the LAP index and NAFLD, and two reported that this relation was not significant; two different meta-analyses (1- mean difference (MD) and 2- bivariate diagnostic test accuracy [DTA]) were conducted using Stata version 14. The LAP index was compared in subjects with and without NAFLD, and the difference was significant with 34.90 units (CI 95: 30.59–39.31, P < 0.001) of the LAP index. The DTA meta-analysis was conducted and showed that the LAP index pooled sensitivity and specificity for screening of NAFLD were 94% (CI95: 72%–99%, I2 = 99%, P < 0.001) and 85% (CI95: 62%–96%, I2 = 99%, P < 0.001), respectively. Conclusion The LAP Index is an inexpensive, sensitive, and specific method to evaluate NAFLD and may be valuable for NAFLD screening.

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