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In this study, the degradation of crystal violet (CV) was investigated by different oxidation processes; ozone (OZ), peroxone (PO), electrolysis (E), electrolysis/H2O2 (ECP), electroperoxone (EPO), and electrolysis/peroxene/H2O2 (EPOP). Main parameters including contact time, pH, CV concentration, and effect of scavengers were studied. The results showed that all processes were capable of CV decolorization. Among these processes, peroxone and electrolysis/peroxene/H2O2 with efficiency about > 90% were more effective than other ones. A significant decrease in oxidation rate of CV was observed by adding scavengers. This fact was due to higher affinity to react with free radicals. To confirm degradation of CV, FTIR spectra and nitrate ion level were taken. Also, to recognize toxicity the treated wastewater was tested against coliform bacteria. Growths of Escherichia coli in EMB medium were observed. As a result, it confirms that the treated effluent can be discharged to environment.

In this work, vanadium (V) was selectively extracted from fuel-oil fly ash using a leaching process utilizing organic acids extracted from lemon juice with assistance from ultrasound and H2O2.