Flexibility and adaptability requirements of future electric power grids for integrating DERs call for the development of Wide-Area Monitoring, Protection And Control (WAMPAC) applications, utilizing synchrophasor measurements provided by the Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs).IEEE C37.118 is the most utilized protocol for real-time exchange of synchronized phasor measurement data. In order to fulfil some gaps not addressed in IEEE C37.118, and also to harmonize with the IEC 61850 power utility automation standard, the IEC 61850-90-5 technical report has been developed. IEC TR 61850-90-5 introduces a mechanism for transfer of digital states and time synchronized phasor measurement data over wide-area networks between Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs), Phasor Data Concentrators (PDCs) and WAMPAC applications in the context of IEC 61850.This work interprets the IEEE C37.118.2 and IEC 61850-90-5 Routed-Sampled Value and Routed-GOOSE protocols and describes the design and implementation of a library named Khorjin with the functionality of (1) an IEEE C37.118.2 to IEC 61850-90-5 gateway and protocol converter and, (2) an IEC 61850-90-5 subscriber and traffic parser.The main contribution of this work is the development of Khorjin library using only standard C libraries (i.e. independent from any operating system). This is allowing the use of the library in different platforms.The design requirements and functionality of the Khorjin library has been tested in the KTH SmarTS Lab Real-Time Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) simulation environment to assess its conformance to the functional requirements of IEEE C37.118.2 and IEC 61850-90-5 standards.

Solid State Transformer (SST) has recently emerged as an approach to facilitate the integration of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) at the distribution system level. However, SSTs impact the operation and coordination of protection relays as they will contribute to the fault current during a fault. This paper shows that the impact of SSTs on the overcurrent protection relays can be considerable. The paper proposes an enhancement to the traditional overcurrent scheme by exploiting embedded PMU functionality in SSTs and in feeder protective relays. Performance of the proposed scheme has been assessed through the use of hardware-in-the-loop simulation on a sample distribution feeder.Index Terms--distribution system, overcurrent protection, PMU, solid state transformer (SST).

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Abstract-Dynamics of distribution grids are becoming more and more complex to analyze due to their transition from passive networks to active ones. This has necessitated the increase of observability between Transmission and Distribution (T&D) grids for operational security and real-time security assessment. This paper presents an overview of the IDE4L project, funded by the European Commission, where a system of PMU data-based monitoring applications has been developed to facilitate TSO-DSO interactions.Index Terms-DSO, dynamic feeder rating, Kalman filter, mode estimator, PMU, steady state model synthesis, TSO, voltage stability analysis.