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This paper presents a novel bidirectional multiport DC-DC converter for the electrical vehicles with hybrid energy sources. The benefits of the suggested converter are high voltage conversion ratio and high efficiency, simple structure, low voltage stress across the semiconductor elements, low number of components, and common ground features. It has two bidirectional ports, which are suitable for energy storage systems (ESS) such as a battery. Due to the step-up and step-down operations of the proposed converter, it can charge and discharge the ESS. Additionally, only two power switches with low ON-state resistance are utilized that make the control circuit to be simple. Furthermore, the suggested converter has low number of component, which leads to decrease its volume and cost. The operation principle in buck and boost mode is analyzed thoroughly. Finally, to verify the analysis and effectiveness of the proposed structure, a laboratory prototype is built with 12-and 20-V input voltages and a power rating of 120 W used in 50-kHz operating frequency.

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This paper proposes a non-isolated dual-input DC-DC converter with high voltage rate recommended for hybrid renewable sources/energy storage applications. The suggested converter can transfer power between two different sources in different conditions and can also provide the required energy of the load at the desired voltage level. The output voltage can be improved by utilizing magnetic coupling and a super voltage lift circuit (SLVC). The maximum voltage through the semiconductors can be decreased by using the SLVC technique. In addition, the suggested converter can draw continuous input current from two input DC supplies that lead to an increase in the lifetime of the input supplies. Besides, there is soft-switching capability throughout the diodes, which leads to alleviate the reverse recovery losses and improve efficiency. To prove the performance of the suggested topology, the technical survey and mathematical analysis are carried out in the literature. A laboratory prototype with 20 and 12 V input DC supplies is prepared in this work to demonstrate the correctness of the recommenced converter operation.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Transmission expansion planning (TEP) is a sophisticated decision-making problem, especially in an oligopolistic electricity market in which a number of strategic (price-maker) producers compete together. A transmission system planner, who is in charge of making TEP decisions, requires considering the future generation investment actions. However, in such an oligopolistic market, each producer makes its own strategic generation investment decisions. This motivates the transmission system planner to consider the generation investment decision-making problem of all producers within its TEP model. The strategic generation investment problem of each producer can be represented by a complementarity bi-level model. The joint consideration of all bi-level models, one per producer, characterizes the generation investment equilibrium that identifies the future evolution of generation investment in the market. This paper proposes a tri-level TEP decision-making model to be solved by the transmission system planner, whose objective is to maximize the social welfare of the market minus the expansion costs, and whose constraints are the transmission expansion limits as well as the generation investment equilibrium problem. This model is then recast as a mixed-integer linear programming problem and solved. Numerical results from an illustrative example and a case study based on the IEEE 14-bus test system demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed approach.