No abstract

(CABYV) is among the most important yellowing viruses on cucurbits in Iran. The presence of CABYV has been previously reported from the major cucurbit growing areas in Iran, however, there are few studies concerning the detection of the different strains of this virus in the grower's fields, and especially, there is no report of the weed host plants near crop fields. This study was done in order to detect the new strains of the CABYV polerovirus in cucurbits and the weed plants in the Lorestan province, Iran, as an introductory investigation for initiating a program of the breeding for resistance. During a survey carried out in 2013-2014 in Lorestan province; Iran, 189 cucurbit and 261 weed samples were investigated for the presence of CABYV using RT-PCR. In addition, the phylogeny and nucleotide similarities were discussed on the basis of the partial nucleotide sequence of RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) gene. The RT-PCR carried out on leaf samples revealed the infection with the CABYV in 43 cucumber and 12 weed samples. RT-PCR using strain specific primers detected the presence of the both common (C) and recombinant (R) strains of CABYV in the tested samples. On the basis of the phylogenetic analyses, the CABYV-C isolates from Iran were clustered into two distinct sub-populations (CI and CII), such that all the weed samples with two sequenced cucumber isolates were clustered in the CI sub-population. Meanwhile, a distinct sub-population of the isolates was clustered in the CABYV-R group showed a shared sequence identity of 97% to a Taiwanese isolate (JQ700306). This study has indicated the incidence of CABYV-R in the Southwest Asia; Iran for the first time. We were also able to show CABYV occurrence in and from this area of the world. Identification of cucurbit infecting viruses and studying their distribution and potential reservoir hosts are important for developing successful control programs for virus disease management.

Field surveys during 2013-2014 indicated the distribution of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Watermelon mosaic virus-2 (WMV-2) and Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) in the major cucumber-growing areas of Lorestan province, West Iran. A total of 249 (48.2%) of 516 symptomatic cucumber samples were found to be infected. According to the ELISA, viruses in decreasing order were WMV-2 (24.2%), CMV (14.7%) and ZYMV (10%). Moreover, among the 29 positive weed samples with above-mentioned viruses, Sonchus oleraceous and Malva sp. for CMV and Bryonia dioica for ZYMV were found as new natural hosts in Iran. Some weed isolates were more analysed using biological and molecular assays. Using recombination analysis, a tentative breakpoint was found in N-terminal of coat protein of ZYMV-Bd isolate. This isolate is more distinct from the other Iranian ZYMV isolates and fall into group II. However, all Iranian isolates belonged to group I which was divided into two subgroups, IA and IB.