Introduction: Nursing students require highly specialized competencies to accurately determine patients' states and to predict and cope with problems that may occur during nursing care. This study explores the definition, domains, and levels of nursing students' competency. Methods: This study was a systematic review of nursing students' competencies in English (ISI, SCOPUS, Ovid, Proquest, Iranmedex, Google scholar, PubMed) and Persian (Scientific Information Database) databases , according to the University of York Center for Reviewers and Dissemination Guidance approach, 2008. Results: From a total of 13,115 articles, 20 were retrieved in the final step. The individual experiences, dynamic process, and positive interactive social and beneficial changes in the equality of one's professional life that cause meta-cognitive abilities, touch reality, motivation, decision making, job involvement, professional authority, self-confidence, knowledge and professional skills formulated the definition of nursing students' competency. Educational, cultural, individual, professional and inter-professional, research, clinical and practical domains were defined as belonging to nursing students' competency. Seven nursing student competency levels were identified. Conclusion: Although the definitions of competency, its domains, and its levels vary by profession and country, this systematic review demonstrated the comprehensive ones in three scopes. However, more research is needed to examine the three scopes in the nursing student competency concept. Cultural-based CompetencyRacial/ethnic disparities in healthcare [11], Ineffective or lower quality care culturally/linguistically inappropriate [17], Cultural innovations in healthcare system and structure design [7], Interactions between patients and healthcare staff [14], Lack of diversity in healthcare leadership and workforce [9], Cross-cultural communication between healthcare providers and patients [17] Educational-based Competency Reflection [9], Problem solving [7], Blueprinting [35], Problem-based learning approach [7], Scientific approach and critical thinking [2]

BackgroundMustard gas, a known chemical weapon, was used during the Iran-Iraq war of 1980-1988. We aimed to determine if exposure to mustard gas among men was significantly associated with abnormalities and disorders among progenies.MethodsUsing a case-control design, we identified all progenies of Sardasht men (exposed group, n = 498), who were born at least nine months after the exposure, compared to age-matched controls in Rabat, a nearby city (non-exposed group, n = 689). We conducted a thorough medical history, physical examination, and appropriate paraclinical studies to detect any physical abnormality and/or disorder. Given the presence of correlated data, we applied Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) multivariable models to determine associations.ResultsThe overall frequency of detected physical abnormalities and disorders was significantly higher in the exposed group (19% vs. 11%, Odds Ratio [OR] 1.93, 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 1.37-2.72, P = 0.0002). This was consistent across sexes. Congenital anomalies (OR 3.54, 95% CI, 1.58-7.93, P = 0.002) and asthma (OR, 3.12, 95% CI, 1.43-6.80, P = 0.004) were most commonly associated with exposure. No single abnormality was associated with paternal exposure to mustard gas.ConclusionOur study demonstrates a generational effect of exposure to mustard gas. The lasting effects of mustard gas exposure in parents effects fertility and may impact child health and development in the long-term.

Objectives: Due to the severity of the patient's illness and high probability of death, in ICUs patients, it is necessary to point out the concept of death for the patients and families' spiritual needs, for the implementation of the spiritual care at the end of life. The purpose of this study is designing and validating Islamic evidence-based spiritual care guidelines of the Sound Heart Model in dying patients. Methods: This is a "developmental research" with an Islamic evidence-based as well as sound heart model approach, which was done on ICU patients of Baqiyatallah in 2016. Instructions were designed based on the Settler model in 4 phases: preparation, accreditation, comparative study, and application. The content validity of the instructions was assessed through the Delphi method by obtaining the opinions of 10 faculty members of different Universities. Applicability was assessed through focused group discussions with the comments of 10 experienced nurses in ICUs. The quality of the new guidelines was evaluated desirable, by Agree and Glia Tools. Results: Lack of preparation for death, fear of death, risk for quicken hard, and risk for grave horror were 4 nursing diagnoses of the dying patients. Four spiritual care instructions were designed and validated. Love to God and faith in God's love for His servants, destroys the fear of death. For the owners of sound heart, death is a continuation of the soul's life and entering to a better world. They prepare for dying with a relaxed and confident soul as well as a hopeful and satisfied heart since they are going to meet God. Conclusions: Negligence of nurses to spiritual care needs in dying patients can cause fear of death in patients and encounters their spiritual health with crisis. Therefore, it is recommended to apply these designed spiritual care instructions for dying patients that are muslim.