Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the relative efficacy of various brands Ximenia americana is a plant that is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of malaria, leproutic ulcers and skin infections of mixed origin in Northern parts of Nigeria. To evaluate the scientific basis for the use of the plant, the antimicrobial activities of extract of the leaves were evaluated against six common bacterial isolates. Chemical constituents of the extract were also determined. The extract of was active against the test organisms including Escherischia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. Tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, anthrax-quinones, starch, general glycosides and bitter principles were found to be present in the extract.

Struchium sparganophora Linn. Ktze Asteraceae is a culinary herb that is consumed in the Western part of Nigeria and has wide medicinal uses in traditional medicine. The present study was carried out to determine the chemical composition of the oils from its leaf and stem and their antibacterial activity. Essential oils were collected from the leaf and stem of Struchium sparganophora by hydrodistillation and analysed by GC and GC-MS. The antimicrobial activity was tested against Gram negative (G − ve) and Gram positive (G + ve) microorganisms obtained from the

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Background: Musanga cecropioides R.Br. ex Tedlie (Urticaceae) is a plant that is widely used in Nigerian traditional medicine for the treatment of various infections such as cough, diarrhoea, and vaginal candidiasis. Objective: To study the antimicrobial potency of the total alkaloids of the hydroalcoholic extracts (HAE) of the stem bark (ST) and leaves of Musanga cecropioides. Method: The antimicrobial activities of the total alkaloidal constituent of the HAE of the ST and leaves were screened using agar diffusion method using Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtils,Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans as test organisms. The preliminary phytochemical screening of the ST and leaves were performed following the conventional standard procedures of Trease and Evans. Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, sterols, saponins and terpenoids. The HAE of both ST and leaves exhibited notable activities against the tested microorganisms at different concentrations (500, 250, 125, 62.5 mg/ml) with zones of inhibition ranging from 8.6±0.5mm to 20.0±1.0mm. The highest activity against bacteria had a zone of inhibition of 18.6±1.1mm and 20.0±1.0mm for fungus. The zone of inhibition for antibacterial control drug (Ciprofloxacin) was 42.3±2.0mm while that of antifungal control drug (Griseofulvin) was 32.0±0.8mm. The total alkaloid yield for the ST was 1.200%w/w and 1.332%w/w for the leaves. Conclusion: Musanga cercropoidesmay be a valuable source of a therapeutic agent for potent clinical antimicrobials.