Rhinosporidiosis is a rare chronic granulomatous disease caused by rhinosporidium seeberi. Nasal rhinosporidiosis presents with nasal mass, nasal obstruction and epistaxis. In this study, we present our experience in 17 patients of rhinosporidiosis. Diagnosis was made on clinicopathological features. Different clinical presentations, management by surgical, combined with medical line of treatment are discussed with review of literature

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<p><strong>Background: </strong>Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a symptomatic disorder of the nose induced after allergen exposure due to an IgE-mediated inflammation of membranes lining the nose. Allergic rhinitis is subdivided into intermittent (IAR) or persistent (PER) disease and the severity into mild or moderate/severe. The most widely used and effective medications to treat allergic rhinitis are oral or topical antihistamines and topical nasal steroids.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective case series study included 80 patients of PER divided randomly in to 2 groups of 40 each with group 1 receiving fluticasone propionate and azelastine and group 2 receiving fluticasone propionate alone. Individual symptom scores and total symptom score (TSS) were recorded before treatment and after 4 weeks of treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><strong> </strong>The difference in mean TSS before and after 4 weeks study period were statistically significant in both groups (p&lt;0.01 in both). Group 1 had TSS of 1.525±1.06 and group 2 had TSS of 3.275±1.75 after 4 weeks of treatment and the difference between them was statistically significant (p&lt;0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In allergic rhinitis, both fluticasone propionate + azelastine nasal spray and fluticasone propionate nasal spray are effective in relieving symptoms. But, fluticasone propionate and azelastine has significant reduction of symptoms when compared with fluticasone propionate alone.</p>

Congenital choanal atresia (CCA) is characterized by narrowing of posterior nasal apertures in newborns present with nasal obstruction and respiratory difficulty. Although unilateral obstruction goes unnoticed at birth, bilateral case is an emergency situation because newborn is an obligate nasal breather. Here, we present an unusual case of bilateral choanal atresia in an 11-year-old girl, which is a rare finding. Surgical correction was done by transnasal approach using endoscopes and otological drill.

<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the pre-antibiotic era complications from otitis media occurred abundantly, accompanied by high morbidity and mortality. With availability of higher antibiotics, morbidity and mortality due to chronic otitis media (COM) has reduced, but still complications due to COM remain a significant problem in developing countries. The aim is to study clinical presentation, management and outcomes of intracranial and extracranial complications of COM. Study design is retrospective case series study.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> Patients admitted in department of otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery, S. Nijalingappa medical college and H.S.K hospital and research center, Bagalkot from May 2018 to April 2020 with COM associated with intracranial or extracranial complications were included in the study. Data of clinical presentation, associated complications, management, and follow-up were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 20 patients were reviewed during study period. Of these seventeen patients had extracranial (EC) complications, while one had intracranial (IC) complications and two had both. Otalgia, otorrhea and fever were the main presenting symptoms. The encountered IC complication were lateral sinus thrombophlebitis, cerebellar abscess. Among the EC complications most common were post-auricular subperiosteal abscess, lateral semicircular canal fistula and facial paralysis. Most commonly isolated organism was staphylococcus. Surgery was main modality of treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> COM is still a significant problem in developing countries in spite of availability of antibiotics and early diagnosis is crucial in the management of complications associated. This study emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and prompt treatment to limit the morbidity.</p>