No abstract

During the summers of 1999 and 2000, 3,110 soybean (Glycine max) leaf samples were randomly collected from soybean fields in the Ardebil, Goletan, Khuzestan, Lorestan, and Mazandaran provinces of Iran. Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) was detected in leaf samples by TSWV-specific polyclonal antibody (As-0526 and As-0580, DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany) in double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). Mechanical inoculation of 26 plant species (10 plants per species) and cultivars with extracts of positive leaf samples produced necrotic local lesions in Beta vulgaris, Chenopodium quinoa, C. amaranticolor, Gomphrena globosa, Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Talash, Vicia faba, and Vigna unguiculata cv. Mashad; produced systemic chlorosis followed by necrosis in Datura stramonium, D. metel, Nicotiana rustica, N. tabacum cv. Samsun, N. glutinosa, N. bentamiana, and Glycine max cv. Hill; and produced chlorosis, stunting, and bud necrosis in Arachis hypogaea (peanut). Plants developing these symptoms following mechanical inoculation with extracts from original soybean leaves were positive in ELISA for TSWV. ELISA results indicate that the overall incidence of TSWV on soybean in the five provinces was 5.4%. TSWV has been reported in potato (2) and tomato (1) from Iran, but to our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of TSWV on soybean in Iran. References: (1) K. Bananej et al. Iran. J. Plant Pathol. 34:30, 1998. (2) R. Pourrahim et al. Plant Dis. 85:442, 2001.

During the summer of 2000, severe stunting, mosaic, bud necrosis, and chlorosis symptoms were observed on peanut (Arachis hypogaea cv. Gilan) plants growing in fields in the Golestan Province of Iran. Leaf extracts of peanut plants were infective (mechanical inoculation) causing necrotic local lesions on Chenopodium quinoa, C. amaranticolor, Gomphrena globosa, Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Talash, Vicia faba, and Vigna unguiculata cv. Mashad; systemic chlorotic spots were followed by systemic necrosis in Datura stramonium, D. metel, and Nicotiana rustica; chlorotic and necrotic spots were followed by top necrosis in Glycine max. About 2 weeks after inoculation, the chlorosis followed by stunting and bud necrosis observed in the field were reproduced in A. hypogaea cv. Gilan. Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) was detected in the original peanut plants and in plant species that developed symptoms after inoculation with extracts from peanut plants, when analyzed by double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using TSWV-specific antisera (polyclonal antibody As-0526 and As-0580, DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany). TSWV is one of the most important viruses in the world (2) and has been reported on potato (3) and tomato (1) in Iran. To our knowledge, this is the first report of TSWV infection of peanut in Iran. References: (1) K. Bananej et al. Iran. J. Plant Pathol. 34:30, 1998. (2) R. A. Mumford et al. Ann. Appl. Biol. 128:159, 1996. (3) R. Pourrahim et al. Plant Dis. 85:442, 2001.

Different viral diseases infect common bean crops in Iran. A total of 248 symptomatic samples were collected from common bean fields throughout main growing fields of Guilan province in Iran during the summer of 2006. Eight viruses were detected using double antibody-sandwich -enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). Bean common mosaic virus -BCMV (1%), Bean leaf roll virus -BLRV (9%), Cowpea mild mottle virus -CpMMV (6%), Southern bean mosaic virus -SBMV (3%), Cucumber mosaic virus -CMV (15%), Bean golden mosaic virus -BGMV (2%), Bean common mosaic necrosis virus -BCMNV (1%) and Bean yellow mosaic virus -BYMV (1%) were detected. Comparatively CMV (15%) was found to be more prevalent in Guilan province. Multiple infections of viruses were recorded in many samples. Weed species belonging to Chenopodiaceae, Solanaceae, Malvaceae and Amaranthaceae families were also found to be infected with the viruses.