The present research determined the chemical composition and the antioxidant activity of leaves extracts (aqueousacetone) of Moringa oleifera variety grown in Egypt. It was found that moringa leaves contain total ash 8.03%, crude lipids 3.14%, crude protein 26.31%, total carbohydrates 44.89%, and crude fiber 17.63%. Total phenolics in leaves aqueous extract were 243.8 mg/g and total flavonoids were 145.22 mg/g, while in acetone extract total phenolics were 142.51 mg/g and total flavonoids were 124.64 mg/g. HPLC results showed that moringa leaves contained 23 phenolic compounds and 22 flavonoid contents and the main constituents of both were Pyrogallol, Salycilic, Catechin, Ellagic, Alphacoumaric, 3,4, Protocatechuic and Chlorogenic) and Hesperidin and Rosmarinic) respectively. In comparison with the acetone extract, the aqueous extract showed the highest activity in reducing power assay. Egyptian moringa leaves extracts were found to have antioxidant activity due to their high amount of total phenolics and falvonoids.

Downy mildew of cucurbits is very important disease worldwide. This investigation was carried out in order to achieve safe control method(s) to such disease. The obtained results courld be summarized as following: 1. Pseudoperonospora cubensis is the causal organism of downy mildew disease of either cucumber or squash and it was first recorded in Egypt on watermelon at 1935. 2. Spraying cucumber plants with the tested plant extracts reduced both percentage of infection (P.I.) and the disease severity (D.S.) in Comparison with the untreated control treatment, significantly. Yield production was also increased significantly. 3. Thuja plant water extract showed the best efficiency in reducing the disease incidence, followed by clove one while black cumine plant extract showed the least efficiency. 4. The application of the plant essential oils greatly reduced downy mildew disease of cucumber and squash cultivar, and increased yield production in comparison with the untreated control plants. Clove essential oil followed by mint one gave the best results. 5. Application of the tested growth regulators to cucumber (Madaen cv.) and Squash (Aziad cv.) plants significantly reduced the disease incidence and improved yield production, in comparison with control, both at 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 growing seasons. In this request, Cytokinin and Gibberellin showed the best efficiency, while Auxin was the least effective one. 6. Foliage fertilization with NPK fertilizers greatly affected cucumber and squash cultivar downy mildew diseases incidence and increased yield production compared to control, significantly. However, it was noticed that increasing nitrogen doses led to the increment of both (P.I.) and (D.S.). 7. The best yield production was obtained when the highest level of potassium was applied. 8. Application of Cabriodio 11.2% fungicide suppressed the disease incidence, completely. In the meantime, high increment of yield production was obtained, compared to the other treatments. 9. Growth characteristics of squash plants i.e., plant height, leaf area, root length, shoot length, plant fresh weight and plant dry weight were significantly increased in response to the application of any tested control methods compared to the untreated control plants. 10. Total water content (TWC), relative water content (RWC) and transpiration rate of squash plants were remarkably increased in response to the application of either Gibberellin, black cumin oil, clove oil (10%), mint oil (5%), Thuja extract and/or the fungicide in comparison with the untreated control. 11. Application of the disease control methods to squash plants increased chlorophyll, total sugars content and proline concentration compared to the untreated control plants. 12. Chemical analysis of N. sativa essential oil indicate that this oil mainly contained vanillic acid (89.94 mg/ml) and gallic acid (29.59 mg/ml). 13. Peppermint oil contained gallic acid (18.6 mg/ml) and caffeic acid (4.8 mg/ml). 14. Clove essential oil has high amount of eugenol (72.72 mg/ml), eugenol...

The present study was designed to determine the phytochemical constituents of Cichorium intybus and Portulaca oleracea and evaluate the antioxidant activity of their methanolic extract. It was found that Cichorium intybus and Portulaca oleracea contained total ash 6.08 and 7.12%, crude lipid 0.63 and 0.54%, crude protein 3.94 and 4.09%, crude fiber 9.0 and 8.34%, and total carbohydrates 80.33 and 79.91%, respectively. Total phenolics in the Cichorium intybus were 172.9 mg/g while total flavonoids were 139.4 mg/g. On the other hand, total phenolics and total flavonoids were 163.12 and 125.71 mg/g for Portulaca oleracea. HPLC analysis of Cichorium intybus and Portulaca oleracea showed the presence of 17 and 20 phenolic compounds, respectively. catechin, caffeic acid, and rutin acid were found in high levels in the Cichorium intybus and their amounts were 2926.598, 1268.448, and 509.948 mg/100g dw respectively. On the other hand, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and catechin were found to be in high levels in Portulaca oleracea and their amounts, which were 300.628, 203.678, 55.685 and 38.424 mg/100g dry weight, respectively. The obtained results also showed that the methanolic extract of Egyptian Cichorium intybus has the highest antioxidant activity, this may be due to their high amount of total phenolics and flavonoids.

The purpose of this research is to study the chemical composition and effective compounds of leaves of green tea and sage as one of the traditional medicinal plants. It was found that green tea leaves collected from the local market contain 5.68 % moisture, 2.35% ash, 14.57 % protein, 8.55 % lipids, and 2.3% crude fiber. While sage leaves contained 8.19, 2.17, 12.21, 3.33, and 2.6 % moisture, ash, protein, lipids, and crude fiber, respectively. It was also found that green tea leaves contain 0.376 % Polyphenols and 0.188 % Flavonoids, while sage leaves contain 0.262 and 0.132 % Polyphenols and Flavonoids, respectively. HPLC showed that the aqueous extract of green tea leaves contains eighteen compounds of Polyphenols, fifteen compounds of them were identified. While the aqueous extract of sage leaves contains twenty-one compounds, nineteen of them were identified.

Aflatoxins (AFs) are a group of highly toxic mycotoxins mainly produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, which are considered natural contaminants of food and feed toxic to the liver, carcinogens and mutagenic. Therefore, reducing their toxicity in the body of the organism is a great importance. In this study, the aqueous extract of leaves was evaluated (green Tea and sage) to reduce the toxicity caused by aflatoxins. Two concentrations of aflatoxins (0.5 and 1 mg / kg of b.w) were taken per week for 42 days, which led to a deterioration of liver and kidney function and the level of lipid and glucose in the plasma of the treated rats. In the laboratory experiment, the aqueous extract of the plants used greatly improved these traits after they were taken daily in concentrations (200-400 mg / kg of b.w) for a period of 42 days. Thus, it can be concluded that green tea and sage showed protective effect against aflatoxin toxicity.