Objective: To describe the immediate symptoms of the post menopausal women attending Punjab Rangers Hospital Lahore. To see the effects of these symptoms on quality of life (QOL). Study Design: This was a descriptive type of study that was carried out at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics at Punjab Rangers Hospital. Setting: O&G OPD at Punjab Rangers Teaching Hospital Sample Size: 100 patients with menopause were studied for symptomatology and these symptoms affect the quality of life. Sample Collection: Sample collection was done by a non-probability convenient method. Inclusion Criteria: All patients who attended gynae opd at Punjab rangers hospital with:  Natural menopause  Above 45 years  Below 55 years  With no other Gynecological problems Exclusion Criteria: All those patients were excluded from the study that had  Surgical menopause  Perimenopause  History of depressive illness  Women on antidepressant  Women on HRT  Below 45 YEARS Data Collection: The questionnaires based on menopausal rating scale for symptomatology and quality of life were generated to see the impacts of these symptoms on life. The educated patients filled questionnaires. I filled out questionnaires of illiterate patients outdoors myself. Data Analysis: An analysis of data was done by using computer software SPSS. Data master sheet was developed. Frequency tables and graphs were generated The data was analyzed by using computer software SPSS.. Confidence interval was calculated for important frequency tables. Cross tabulation was done for marital status,parity,literacy,smoking and chi-square was applied as a test of significance. 65% patients described that their quality of life decreased after menopause especially due to vasomotor and psychological symptoms. 35% of patients were happy and satisfied after their menopause.Besides menopause there were other stresses of middle life, which made life worse. Subject: The study was performed during the period November2020 to May 2021.Sample was collected by a non probability convenient method and 100 patients were selected. Data was collected by questionnaire provided to patients attending the outpatient department. Data was analyzed with a computer software system by using SPSS. Results: The mean age observed was 49 years and frequency distribution of symptoms were:Hot flushes 60%, Night sweats 55% ,Insomnia 50% ,Mood changes 60% ,Anxiety 50% ,Irritability 50% ,Memory loss 30% ,Vaginal dryness 10%, Dyspareunia 10% ,Loss of libido 15% ,Urethral symptoms 25% ,Lethargy and general body aches 75% .65% patients described that their QOL had decreased after menopause. 35% patients described no effect. Conclusion: To promote the awareness in women about menopause, HRT and other alternatives which can improve their QOL

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a leading disease in females now a days, and also considered as a main cause of infertility in females. The symptoms of the disease PCOS is appeared in the reproductive age and after puberty in young age. The current study is conducted through online google forms to make community outreach possible. It is considered as a asocial taboo therefore many women were reluctant to be part of the study and to sow their identity. Results showed that the perception of women about the pcos condition provide a lot of stress and trauma. 30.6% women strongly agreed that PCOS is the major cause of weight gain and therefore recommended to change the life style and have active day routine. It was assessed that this condition affect hormonal imbalance in females and irregularity in periods. More in-depth studies are needed to understand the relationship of this disease with diet and lifestyle factors.

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a common and distressing condition effecting predominantly perimenopausal women. Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is the most common presentation of AUB. There are many structural and non structural causes of AUB. Histopathology of endometrial curettings is well studies before but the histopathological patterns of hysterectomy specimens are not well studied. Objective: The objective of this study is to: Find out histopathological diagnosis of hysterectomy specimens in patients of AUB. Study Design: Retrospective Cohort study. Place and Duration of Study: Gynecology and Pathology departments of Azra Naheed and Rashid Latif medical colleges from January 2022 to January 2023. Methods: Histopathology reports of all hysterectomies done for AUB in both medical colleges allied hospitals were retrieved retrospectively and evaluated in detail. Four age groups were defined 30-40 years, 41-50, 51-60 and 61-70 years. Various patterns were recorded overall and separately for each group and results established. Results: A total of 221 abdominal hysterectomy histopathology reports were retrieved and evaluated. All hysterectomies were performed for AUB during one year period between January 2022 to January 2023. 40(18.09%) women were between 30-40 years of age, 134(60.6%) were between 41-50 years of age, 39(17.6%) were between 51-60 years of age and 08(3.61%) patients were between 61-70 years of age. Distorted proliferative phase endometrium was seen in 28(12.6%) of cases, Adenomyosis was seen in 76(34.38%), endometrial polyps in 19(8.55%), fibroids in 92(41.6%), metaplasia 07(3.1%), hyperplasia 10(4.5%), and endometrial carcinoma was seen 09 (4.07%) of cases. Conclusion: AUB is most common in perimenopausal women. Fibroids, Adenomyosis, and disordered proliferative endometrium were most common in perimenopausal women while carcinoma endometrium was most common cause of AUB in postmenopausal women. This study will help Gynecologists to better find out the cause of AUB and treat accordingly. Keywords: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB), Perimenopausal, Hysterectomy. Histopathology, Endometrium