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Introduction: Neonatal hypernatremic dehydration is a medical emergency. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment is crucial for survival and better prognosis. However, diagnosis is often difficult due to apparent well being and dehydration is underestimated. The aim of our study was to see the outcome of neonates admitted with hypernatremic dehydration in our hospital Material and Methods: The study was conducted in neonatology of Postgraduate Department of Pediatrics, in GB Pant Hospital, an associated hospital of Government Medical College Srinagar. It was a hospital based prospective observational study conducted for 1 year, from March 2016 to February 2017. A total of 67 neonates were enrolled in our study. Results: The results showed mean age of presentation 18 days, females were 37(55.5%), mean birth order was 1.6,44 (65.7%) cases were from rural background,62 (92.5%) of our cases were term babies, an average weight loss of 14.6% was found. There was a significant statistical relation in the percentage of weight loss, incidence of shock, incidence of AKI and sodium levels(p value<0.001). Conclusion: Women should be educated about the proper technique of breast feeding during prenatal visits and after the delivery of the newborn. Mothers should be informed about 'ten steps of successful breast feeding'. All breast-fed infant should be weighed at least once several days after discharge.

Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis is a life-threatening inflammation of neonatal intestine of multifactorial etiology. In early stages, medical management is considered; while as a transmural disease with pneumatosis or perforation needs surgical attention. Primary peritoneal drainage has evolved as an alternative to classic exploratory laparotomy especially in sick preterm and very low birth weight infants.Methods: In our study, we tried to employ primary peritoneal drainage as an initial intervention in all surgical necrotizing enterocolitis patients and analyzed the results and final outcome in terms of total days in neonatal intensive care unit, total parenteral nutrition days, days to start oral feeds, need for laparotomy, mortality and other complications.Results: Around one-third patients were either very low or extremely low birth weight and 80% patients were preterm. Primary peritoneal drainage was successful without need for laparotomy in around 65% of patients. In the rest 34 patients, 24 were subjected to rescue laparotomy, while 10 could not be stabilized for major surgery. Overall mortality was 29.16%.Conclusions: Early bedside primary peritoneal drainage can be employed in all cases of NEC with perforation with rescue laparotomy to be determined by subsequent monitoring. This strategy seems to be safe and cost-effective in a resource challenged set up and lifesaving in sick and extremely low birth weight infants.