Introduction: Neonatal hypernatremic dehydration is a medical emergency. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment is crucial for survival and better prognosis. However, diagnosis is often difficult due to apparent well being and dehydration is underestimated. The aim of our study was to see the outcome of neonates admitted with hypernatremic dehydration in our hospital Material and Methods: The study was conducted in neonatology of Postgraduate Department of Pediatrics, in GB Pant Hospital, an associated hospital of Government Medical College Srinagar. It was a hospital based prospective observational study conducted for 1 year, from March 2016 to February 2017. A total of 67 neonates were enrolled in our study. Results: The results showed mean age of presentation 18 days, females were 37(55.5%), mean birth order was 1.6,44 (65.7%) cases were from rural background,62 (92.5%) of our cases were term babies, an average weight loss of 14.6% was found. There was a significant statistical relation in the percentage of weight loss, incidence of shock, incidence of AKI and sodium levels(p value<0.001). Conclusion: Women should be educated about the proper technique of breast feeding during prenatal visits and after the delivery of the newborn. Mothers should be informed about 'ten steps of successful breast feeding'. All breast-fed infant should be weighed at least once several days after discharge.

Introduction: Severity of illness assessments is a critical part of ICU management. Study aimed at validiting the Pediatric Risk of Mortality score (PRISM) score in predicting mortality in a tertiary care Pediatric Intensive Care Unit in North India. Material and Methods:It was a Prospective observational study in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of a tertiary care hospital in North India. 411 patients were enrolled in the study. We divided patients into two categories based on PRISM-III 24 score -Patients with PRISM score >8 and those with a score of ≤8. Three hundred twenty-three (323) patients had a PRISM score ≤8, and 38 patients died in this category (11.8% mortality). In contrast, 88 patients had a PRISM score >8, and 32 patients died in this category (36.4% mortality).Results: Prism score >8 was a significant predictor of mortality (chi-square value of 29.615 and a p-value of <0.001). The odds ratio for dying in the presence of prism score >8 was 9.28 (9 times more risk of dying compared to patients with a prism score >8) with a 95% CI of 2.47-7.43. Cox regression analysis showed that PRISM score >8 was an independent predictor of mortality. Conclusion:PRISM score is a significant predictor of mortality.

Introduction: Individuals of all ages can be affected by the influenza virus and it can produce repeated infections throughout life. We aimed to describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of Kashmiri children infected with H1N1 influenza A virus. Material and methods: It was a hospital based prospective observational study done on infants and children under the age of 16 years admitted to paediatric wards and ICU and children under 16 years of age attending OPD with the diagnosis of influenza like illness. Basic epidemiological details like age, sex, residential status, date and time of admission to the hospital, history of close contact and clinical details like coexisting morbid conditions, date and time of first symptoms etc were collected. Results: Surveillance for influenza A (H1N1) virus revealed an overall sero-positivity of 19.4% (50 confirmed cases from 258 ILI patients). Among confirmed cases 22 were in category A, 16 were in category B and 12 were in category C. Mean age of lab confirmed cases was 7.6 +/-4.4 years and 56% (n=28) of the confirmed cases were males. Thirty-eight 38 (76%) belonged to rural population and 12 (24%) cases were from urban areas. Influenza A (H1N1) infection in children peaked during winter months (November to February). Conclusion: Influenza A (H1N1) paediatric patients are characterized by self-limiting, uncomplicated, febrile respiratory illness and make an over-all recovery with minimal complications.

Poland syndrome (PS) is right sided in 75 percent of cases. Only 10 percent are associated with dextrocardia. It is usually detected late for the milder nature of the condition. Only in severe cases it comes to attention during neonatal period. Left sided Poland syndrome with dextrocardia is extremely rare. To the best of our knowledge this is the first case of left sided type 3 Poland syndrome with dextrocardia diagnosed at birth with chest wall getting sucked in and bulging out during inspiration and expiration respectively

Xenotransplantation is transplantation of living cells, tissues or organs from one species to another. There is a large number of patients who need to wait for allotrasplantation due to limited donors. This drives a need for the transplant of tissue from animals to humans. However, immune rejection and infections are major risks that may prevent a good outcome of xenotransplantation. Proper documentation and sterilisation of tissues is indispensable. This article highlights the present day prespectives of Xenotransplantation.