Deficient or deteriorating reinforced-concrete columns in many existing structures have to be strengthened using economical, efficient, and fast methods. In the present study, different strengthening techniques to improve the load-carrying capacity of reinforced concrete (RC) columns have been compared. Five groups of fifteen square reinforced concrete columns (150 mm × 150 mm × 600 mm) and one group of three circular columns ( φ 170 mm) that have cross-sectional areas equivalent to those of the square columns were cast from normal-strength concrete. The test program was designed to examine the behavior of columns strengthened by carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP), steel jacketing, ferro cement, steel fibers, and silica fumes under cyclic axial compression. The efficiency of each strengthening method in increasing the column’s axial capacity, energy absorption, and ductility was studied using the experimental data. The test results showed that strengthening the columns could significantly enhance their load-carrying capacity and failure strains.

Aim: To investigate the relationship between emotional regulation, self-compassion, medication adherence, and quality of life in dermatologic patients. Method: The sample consisted of 150 young adults (males=51 (34%) and females=99 (66%)). The quantitative data was gathered via self-reported questionnaires including Emotion Regulation Questionnaire1, Neff’s Self-Compassion Scale (Short-Form)2, Medication Adherence Rating Scale3, Quality of Life Scale4, and a demographic information form. Results: Significant positive associations were explored among emotional regulation, self-compassion, and quality of life. In contrast, negative significant associations were found between self-compassion, medication adherence, and quality of life. The multiple regression analysis suggested a positive regression coefficient of self-compassion and a negative regression coefficient of medication adherence on the quality of life in dermatologic patients with a 41% variation. The results of the independent sample t-test specified non-significant gender differences in terms of emotional regulation, self-compassion, medication adherence, and quality of life in dermatologic patients. However, the significant difference was explored in the marital status (unmarried and married) in terms of i.e.,self-compassion, medication adherence, and quality of life. Conclusion and Implications: The study’s findings have contributed to the gap of literature in the domains of psychology, dermatology, and clinical studies in Pakistan. The result of the study would be helpful for psychologists and dermatologists to make plans for enhancing emotional regulation, self-compassion, medication adherence, and quality of life in dermatologic patients. Keywords: Emotional Regulation, Self-Compassion, Medication Adherence, Quality of Life, and Dermatologic Patients.

Objective: To evaluate the recurrence following open surgical excision and Seton placement in treating symptomatic wrist ganglions in Military Hospitals in a six-month follow-up study. Study Design: Quasi-experimental study Place and Duration of Study: Department of General Surgery, Combined Military Hospital, Bahawalpur Pakistan, Combined Military Hospital, Dera Nawab Sahib Pakistan and Pakistan Airforce Force Hospital, Shorkot Pakistan, from Jun 2015 to Dec 2020. Methodology: The patients were divided into two groups after informed consent. A consultant general surgeon carried out every procedure. The findings were recorded on a uniform proforma, and recurrence was recorded at ten days, six weeks and six months for both groups. Results: The mean age of the patients was 29.45±8.13 years in Group-A (Seton-Group) and 28.56±8.32 years in Group-B (OpenSurgery). There was no difference in the recurrence rates between the Seton-Group (n=7, 4.35%) and Open Surgery-Group (n=2, 4.65%, p=0.931). Conclusion: Seton insertion for treating Ganglions of the wrist is a simple, economical and cosmetic procedure which can be done in the outpatient department. It is a safe alternative to open resection for successful treatment of the wrist Ganglion.Keywords: Ganglion, Open surgery, Recurrence, Seton, Wrist.

Background: Almost everyone in society has been affected by the Covid epidemic.However, it has a different impact on individuals who have disabilities or special needs. People with special needs are more prone to this. Aim: To explore relationship between mental distress, perceived stress and resilience among special students during Covid-19 Method:Cross-sectional correlational research design was used to investigate the relationship between study variables. The total sample of n=250 special students consisted of 100(40%) females and 150(60%) with having age range from 15 to 30 years. The purposive sampling technique was employed to collect the data by using different research instruments Results:Results were drawn using correlation and multiple regression analyses. To explore gender differences, an independent t-test was computed. It was concluded that mental distress is negatively correlated with resilience and positively correlated with perceived stress. PraccticalImplication: This research would be helpfulfor the teachers of the special education centers, they train their how they develop resilience hence they may become emotionally stable and deal effectively with any worrisome circumstance well. It will help school administration of the special students’to conduct workshops on the resilience so that students could deal with their mental distress and perceived stress effectively. Conclusion: There was little published research on the variables examined in this study, particularly in Pakistan. To increase the body of knowledge, research on this subject must be done in Pakistan. Keywords: Mental distress, Resilience, Perceived stress, Special students, Covid Pendemic.

Background: Almost everyone in society has been affected by the Covid epidemic.However, it has a different impact on individuals who have disabilities or special needs. Aim: To explore the relationship between mental distress, perceived stress, and resilience among special students during the Covid pandemic. Method:Cross-sectional correlational research design was used to investigate the relationship between study variables. The total sample of n=250 special students consisted of 100(40%) females and 150(60%) with having age range from 15 to 30 years. The purposive sampling technique was employed to collect the data by using different research instruments (e.g.,Patient Health Questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale, and Final Resilience Scale). Results: Results were drawn using correlation and multiple regression analyses. To explore gender differences, an independent t-test was computed. It was concluded that mental distress is negatively correlated with resilience and positively correlated with perceived stress. Pracctical Implication: This research would be helpfulfor the teachers of the special education centers, they train their how they develop resilience hence they may become emotionally stable and deal effectively with any worrisome circumstance well. It will help school administration of the special students’to conduct workshops on the resilience so that students could deal with their mental distress and perceived stress effectively. Conclusion: There was little published research on the variables examined in this study, particularly in Pakistan. To increase the body of knowledge, research on this subject must be done in Pakistan. Keywords: Mental distress, Resilience, Perceived stress, Special students, CovidPendemic.