No abstract

Glioblastoma (grade IV glioma) is the most aggressive histopathological subtype of glial tumors with inordinate microvascular proliferation as one of its key pathological features. Extensive angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment supplies oxygen and nutrients to tumoral cells; retains their survival under hypoxic conditions; and induces an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Anti-angiogenesis therapy for high-grade gliomas has long been studied as an adjuvant immunotherapy strategy to overcome tumor growth. In the current review, we discussed the underlying molecular mechanisms contributing to glioblastoma aberrant angiogenesis. Further, we discussed clinical applications of monoclonal antibodies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and aptamers as three major subgroups of anti-angiogenic immunotherapeutics and their limitations. Moreover, we reviewed clinical and preclinical applications of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) as the next-generation anti-angiogenic therapeutics and summarized their potential advantages and limitations. siRNAs may serve as next-generation anti-angiogenic therapeutics for glioma. Additionally, application of nanoparticles as a delivery vehicle could increase their selectivity and lower their off-target effects.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder. This syndrome is a genetic disorder that involves about 5 to 10 percent of women in reproductive age. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of codon 164 of beta-2 adrenergic receptor (NM-_000024.5:c.491C>T) polymorphism in patients with PCOS. The normal form of this codon is ACC and when polymorphism 112 Shahla Lotfi et al. occurs, it changes to the ADRB2rs1800888 (Thr164Ile) with codon ATC. This case-control study consisted of 14 Iranian patients (mean age 26.86±1.03), along with 13 healthy controls, from Infertility Center of Valie Asre, Imam Khomaini Hospital Complex in May 2013 until Feb 2014. Data analysis was done by statistical software SPSS, version 19.0. The result shows that, two persons of control group and one individual of patient group had polymorphism codon 164. The P-value greater than 0.05 (P>0.05) demonstrated that there is no correlation between Thr164Ile polymorphism and PCOS.