None.

The reduction in cancer risk in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) may result from behavioral change, treatment, or we speculate that some immunologic characteristics of MS disease activity improve antitumor surveillance. The lack of association among parents indicates that a simple inherited characteristic is unlikely to explain the reduced cancer risk among patients with MS. MS is associated with increased risk for some cancers, such as of urinary organs and brain tumors (although surveillance bias may be responsible).

No data have hitherto been published including all patients with CL injury, treated both surgically and nonsurgically. Such baseline epidemiologic data are crucial to be able to validate and judge the generalizability of results from procedure registers and clinical studies.