Objective: To determine the frequency of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in term neonates delivered with fetal distress. Study Design: Descriptive, Cross-sectional study. Setting: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) attached with Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Sir Sadiq Abbasi Hospital, Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Period: August 2021 to February 2022. Material & Methods: A total of 300 term neonates with fetal distress were included. All the neonates who had pallor and or bulging anterior fontenelle were investigated with the help of CT scan brain (plain) and presence or absence of ICH was noted. Results: In a total of 300 neonates, 172 (57.3%) were male. The mean gestational age was 38.42 ± 1.53 weeks. The mean birth weight was 3.12 ± 0.89 kg. Asphyxia neonatorum was noted in 94 (31.3%) neonates. Birth trauma was reported among 98 (32.7%) neonates. The frequency of ICH in term neonates delivered with fetal distress was noted in 73 (24.3%) neonates. Conclusion: The frequency of intracranial hemorrhage in term neonates delivered with fetal distress is quite high.

BCG vaccination may cause scar formation but it does not occur in 100% children.Objectives: To know the frequency of BCG scar in the infants 9-11months of age and its relationwith sex, gestational age, weight at birth, the timing of vaccination and the pattern of feeding inthe first month of life. Setting: Immunization Center of Department of Pediatrics, Civil HospitalBahawalpur. Period: 1st June 2015 to 15th August 2015. Subjects and Material: The infants 9 to11 months of age coming for measles vaccination and having record of BCG immunization bythe single vaccinator done at the same centre were included for the study. The scar on the rightarm was observed at the time of measles vaccination. Result: There were 500 infants includedin the study. The BCG scar was absent in 55 cases giving absent scar rate of 11%. There was nostatistically significant difference among different sexes, birth weights, gestational ages, timingsof BCG vaccination and patterns of feeding in the first month of life. Conclusion: Absent BCGscar is not an uncommon feature and is independent of sexe, birth weight, gestational age, andtiming of BCG vaccination and pattern of feeding in the first month of life.

Objectives: To evaluate the clinical profile and case fatality rate and their comparison in relation with vaccination status in admitted children. Study Design: Case series retrospective study. Setting: Pediatric units of the tertiary care Hospitals (Bahawal Victoria Hospital and the Civil Hospital) affiliated with Quaid-e-Azam medical College Bahawalpur situated in Southern Punjab, Pakistan). Period: 01/01/2013 to 06/9/2013. Methods and Material: A clinical diagnosis of measles (as made by consultants of said Pediatric units) and residing in Bahawalpur district for more than one month of period before admitting in the hospital was included and reviewed. The help of Statistical department of Executive District Officer Health Bahawalpur was taken for missing information as the measles is notifiable disease and all cases were notified to Executive District Officer Health. The children who were nonresident of Bahawalpur District or with incomplete data were excluded. The children were divided into three groups depending on number of measles vaccine doses given. Results: The data of 557 children admitting during the period 01/01/2013 to 06/9/2013 with a clinical diagnosis of measles and resident of Bahawalpur district was included. 52.97% were males. 26.57% were unvaccinated and 73.43% vaccinated (39.14% with one dose and 34.29% with two doses). The mean age ± SD in unvaccinated children was 24.68±27.04, with one dose vaccination 50.94 ±35.58 and with two doses vaccination was 45.05 ±23.67 months. The case fatality rate was 2.87%. The case fatality was significantly higher in males vaccinated with two doses of vaccine as compared to either ones vaccinated with one dose or unvaccinated ones but this difference was not found in females. Conclusion: This study shows that there is urgent need of proper surveillance of measles cases.

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BCG vaccination may cause scar formation but it does not occur in 100% children. Objectives: To know the frequency of BCG scar in the infants 9-11months of age and its relation with sex, gestational age, weight at birth, the timing of vaccination and the pattern of feeding in the first month of life.