Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine how common uncontrolled HTN is among medicated hypertensive individuals in Pakistan. Study Design: Cross-sectional study Place and Duration: This study was carried out at Hayatabad Medical Complex from Jan 2022 to April 2022 Methods: Total 165 hypertensive patients of both genders were presented. Enrolled cases were aged between 18-80 years. Baseline detailed demographics included age, sex, body mass index and socio economic status were recorded. Frequency of anti-hypertensive medications and uncontrolled hypertension among all cases were assessed. SPSS 24.0 was used to analyze all data. Result: Majority of the patients 95 (57.6%) were females and 70 (42.4%) were males. Mean age of the patients was 60.4±9.30 years and had mean BMI 30.3±17.85 kg/m2. 101 (61.2%) patients had poor socio-economic status. Frequency of married patients was 130 (78.8%) cases and 105 (63.6%) cases were non-educated. Mean duration of hypertension was 5.8±6.20 years. Most frequently used antihypertensive drug was combination therapy. Frequency of uncontrolled hypertension was found in 82 (49.7%) cases. Males, people older than 60, and smokers were more likely to experience uncontrolled hypternsion. Obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, anaemia, malignancy, and reflex or gastric reflux disease were all associated with an increased risk of uncontrolled hypternsion in individuals with comorbid illnesses (P <0.05). Conclusion: According to the findings, there is an urgent requirement for more productive measures aimed at enhancing HTN control. Patients with hypertension who also smoke cigarettes, have diabetes, have a poor education level, and have a body mass index that is greater than normal should be the focus of the efforts. Keywords: Un-controlled hypertension, Comorbidities, Anti-Hypertensive Medications, Risk Factors

Antibiotic usage and misuse increases the risk of developing bacteria that are resistant to treatment. A Gram-negative, aerobic bacillus called Pseudomonas aeruginosa is mostly responsible for nosocomial opportunistic infections. Objectives: To assess pathogen load and drug susceptibility profiles of Peshawar clinical specimens collected with MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. Methods: Isolates were gathered from a variety of specimens, including pus, tracheal aspirate, swabs containing wound samples, fluids such as urine or blood, from department of microbiology hospital of Khyber teaching Peshawar. Clinical in-vitro study which were carried out at the Pharmacology Department, University of Peshawar. Kirby Bauer Disc diffusion method was used to identify the pattern of antibiotic susceptibility. Requirements of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (2018) were followed for processing samples. Results: P. aeruginosa was found to be multidrug-resistant in about 56 percent of cases. The majority of the isolates (36.5%) were found in people between the ages of "60-80". Pus included the greatest percentage of MDR P. aeruginosa (34.2%), followed by tracheal aspiration (21.7 percent). Colistin had the highest sensitivity (100%) and was followed by ceftolozane/tazobactam (61 percent). With imipenem, the least sensitivity was noticed (20 percent). However, all anti-pseudomonal medications showed an increase in resistance. Conclusion: In our system, MDR P. aeruginosa infections are becoming more frequent. This threat can be avoided by prescribing antibiotics carefully. For the community to receive appropriate healthcare, regular lab identification and surveillance of this resistant pathogen is necessary

Objective: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the antibiotic resistance profile of urinary tract infection-causing bacteria and their prevalence among children presenting to a tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Cross-sectional/ Descriptive study Place and Duration: This study was carried out at Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar from June, 2021 to May 2022. Methods: Total 112 suspected cases (children) of UTI with ages 6-months to 14 years were presented. After receiving parental agreement, we documented the children's age, gender, residence, and parental education level.It was decided to perform a urine dipstick test to check for nitrites and leucocytes, and then analyze the leucocytes and bacteria under the microscope. Antimicrobial resistance was tested using the modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique with a panel of antimicrobials.SPSS 20.0 was used to analyze all data. Results: Among 112 included cases, 58 (51.8%) were males and the rest were 54 (48.2%) female children. Frequency of leucocytes and nitrites by urine dipstick method was 30 (26.8%) and 12 (10%) but under the microscope, number of leucocytes were 15 (13.4%) and bacteria was 9 (8.03%). There were 65 (58.04%) gram positive and majority were females and 47 (41.96%) were gram negative cases. We found E.coli was the most prevalent microorganism found in 46 (70.8%) cases, 5 (7.7%) Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. was 4 (6.2%). We found that microorganism were highly resistant (100%) to antibiotics ceftazidime, cefoperazone, ampicillin and ofloxacin while ciprofloxacin, cefuroxime and ceftriaxone showed high sensitivity. Conclusion: We observed that E.coli was the most frequent bacteria in UTI urine samples. Antimicrobial resistance in UTI-causing pathogens is worrying. It's crucial to monitor UTI-causing microbes' antibiotic susceptibility trends. Keywords:UTI, E.coli, Klebsiella spp., Resistance, Sensitivity