Our survey highlights the international variability that exists in the screening, diagnosis, and management of women with GDM. These differences impact on true prevalence rates and may underestimate the costs of this disease. The recommendation to move to a single internationally accepted diagnostic algorithm may be hampered by the variation in current practice globally.

A reductive detrifluoromethylation protocol has been developed making use of an earth-abundant alkoxide base and silicon hydride species. A variety of pyridine and quinoline substrates bearing alkyl, aryl, and amino functional groups are reduced in moderate to high yields. The reaction is chemoselective for C(sp 2 )−CF 3 groups located at the 2-position on the pyridine ring, leaving trifluoromethyl groups located elsewhere on the molecule intact. Preliminary mechanistic studies demonstrate that the combination of silane and base generates a strongly reducing system that may transfer an electron to electron-deficient π systems.

Background: Burnout can develop due to various risk factors including socio-economic, conventional and personal, for both men and women. Some studies suggest increased prevalence of burnout in female individuals, which may be due to actual aspects like how the assessment tools are used or the way burnout manifests in both genders, including levels of emotional exhaustion, feelings of decrease in personal effectiveness in the work environment. Objective: To determine the gender based differences of burnout among clinical and academic physical therapist. Methodology: This cross-sectional comparative study was conducted at major various educational institutes, hospitals and private clinical setups of twin cities Rawalpindi and Islamabad from January to June 2021 (6 months) The total sample was n= 324 participants enlisted using non-probability purposive sampling. The adults aged 25-40 years, with at least 1 year of working experience, both male and female were included. The data was collected using Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) tool. The data analysis was done by SPSS 21 version. Results: The mean age of participant was 29.69±4.34 years. The level of burnout among the physical therapist on the basis of gender (p<0.001) and occupational differences (p=0.001), both showed statistically significant association. Conclusion: Level of burnout in physical therapists was found to be low. Female physical therapists exhibited greater level of burnout as compared to their male counterparts and also academicians tended to have greater burnout as compared to those working in clinical settings Keywords: Academic training, burnout, gender, health care delivery, physical therapist