This chapter discusses possibilities for host communities to play a management role in tourism, rather than assuming that they should be satisfied with simply gaining economic benefits from tourist activity. Forms of empowerment (economic, social, psychological, and political) for communities involved in tourism are discussed. Examples of community management of tourism from South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Costa Rica are presented.

This chapter reviews prominent theories and paradigms associated with community planning in general and tourism planning in particular. Planning approaches examined include: participatory (community-based) planning; incremental growth; and collaborative/cooperative planning. Based on these approaches, a normative model that will guide tourism planners (with special reference to the developing world) is presented.

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Assuming the above quote as a true portrayal of pilgrims, this article attempts to describe the prototypical pilgrim from amongst the wide array of contemporary religious and secular tourists. To achieve this end, two approaches have been adopted. Firstly, the phenomenon/concept of pilgrimages have been discussed, so to distinguish it from the tourism phenomenon and; Secondly, the geographical notion of genus loci has been employed to exemplify the fundamental quest for 'geopiety' attained through the unification of the pilgrim's intrinsic belief with its external location. The second part of the article illustrates the forgoing through an exploration of Himalayan pilgrimages. This has been achieved with a discussion of the emerging practices and recent trends in Himalayan pilgrimology. This appraisal alludes to Cohen's quest for a 'Theology of Tourism.' The article concludes with an examination of a specific genre of contemporary tourists in the Indian Himalayas, who have been identified as 'environmental pilgrims.'Pilgrims are persons in motion, passing through territories not their own and seeking something we might call completion, or perhaps the word clarity will do as well -a goal to which only the spirit's compass points the way.-Richard Niebuhr in Morgan 2004: 20