No abstract

The fabrication of reliable, green chemistry processes for nanomaterial synthesis is an important aspect of nanotechnology. The biosynthesis of single-pot room-temperature reduction of aqueous chloroaurate ions by Streptomyces hygroscopicus cells has been reported to facilitate the development of an industrially viable greener methodology for the synthesis of technologically important gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Multidimensional AuNPs are generated via the manipulation of key growth parameters, including solution pH and reaction time. The synthesized nanostructures are characterized by UV/Vis and energy dispersive X-ray analysis studies. Particle morphology is characterized by HRTEM, FE-SEM and BioAFM. Additionally, we have demonstrated the electrochemical and antibacterial properties of AuNPs via cyclic voltammetry analysis and a minimal inhibitory concentration assay. Owing to the drawbacks of chemical synthesis, a biological synthesis method has been developed to generate biocompatible, inexpensive and eco-friendly size-controlled nanoparticles.

: Conventional delivery of antidiabetic drugs faces many problems like poor absorption, low bioavailability, and drug degradation. Nanoemulsion is a unique drug technology which is very suitable for the delivery of antidiabetic drugs. In recent years the flaws of delivering anti-hypoglycaemic drugs have been overcome by choosing nanoemulsion drug technology. They are thermodynamically stable and also deliver the therapeutic agent for a longer duration. Generally, Nanoemulsions are made up of either oil-in-water or water-in-oil and size of the droplets is from fifty to thousand nanometer. Surfactants are critical substances which are added in the manufacturing of nanoemulsions. Only the surfactants which are approved for human use can be utilized in the manufacturing of nanoemulsions. Generally, the preparation of emulsions includes mixing of the aqueous phase and organic phase and using surfactant with proper agitation. Nanoemulsions are used for antimicrobial drugs, and they are also used in the prophylaxis of cancer, diabetics. Reduction in the droplet size may cause variation in the elastic and optical behaviour of nanoemulsions.

No abstract

Calcium phosphate (CaP) nanomaterials are considered as potential biomaterial for drug delivery systems because of their excellent biocompatible features. In the present study, amino glycoside antibiotics, such as kanamycin and gentamycinloaded CaP nanoparticles, were successfully synthesized by the precipitation method. Physicochemical properties were analyzed by XRD, FTIR, FE-SEM, EDX, and light-scattering (DLS) measurements. The average size of CaP nanoparticles ranges from 20 to 100 nm, as measured by DLS analysis. The crystallinity of the prepared nanoparticles was confirmed by XRD analysis, which revealed that the CaP nanoparticles were in crystalline and hydroxyapatite (HA) phase with tricalcium phosphate (TCP). The FTIR spectrum confirmed the presence of phosphate and surface hydroxyl groups. In vitro release study of drug-loaded CaP (D-CaP) nanoparticles was performed, and the drug release from nanoparticles was sustained over 5 days, with an entrapment efficiency of 52.05 ± 3% and 65.3 ± 4%, respectively. The antibacterial activity of D-CaP nanoparticles was evaluated against Bacillus cereus (KACC 14394), Staphylococcus aureus (KCTC 1916) Escherichia coli (KACC 10005), and Salmonella typhi (KCCM 40253) by the well diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) methods. We found the bactericidal effect of D-CaP nanoparticles in a dose-dependent manner by MTT assay. In addition, the interaction of D-CaP nanoparticles against bacterial pathogens was demonstrated by Bio-TEM analysis, providing clear evidence of the disruption of bacterial cell membranes. The results of the present study suggest that D-CaP nanoparticles can be useful for the treatment of bacterial infection in the bone as well as in the biomedical field.