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Water resources play an irreplaceable role in the survival, life and production of human being. It is the foundation of social stability and economic development. The sustainable utilization of water resources is one of the important factors affecting social and economic development. The water resources of various administrative regions in Gansu Province in 2006-2015 were evaluated by using evaluation indexes such as water resources development and utilization rate, water resources ecological capacity and sustainable development index and other evaluation indicators, the results show that: Gansu Province has a higher level of water resources development and utilization, but the amount of water resources cannot meet the current water load, and the water shortage in some areas is serious; The ecological footprint of water resources in Gansu Province is less than its carrying capacity. However, the water resources are in a sustainable use state. Considering the increasing demand for water resources for economic and social development activities, it needs to further consider the cost of water in the future development process; the water resources in Gansu Province can continue to develop, its development conditions are optimistic, and water resources can effectively guarantee the rapid development of the economy and society.