Osteosarcomas (OSs) represent a huge challenge to improve the overall survival, especially in metastatic patients. Increasing evidence indicates that both tumor-associated elements but also on host-associated elements are under a remarkable effect on the prognosis of cancer patients, especially systemic inflammatory response. By analyzing a series prognosis of factors, including age, gender, primary tumor size, tumor location, tumor grade, and histological classification, monocyte ratio, and NLR ratio, a clinical predictive model was established by using stepwise logistic regression involved circulating leukocyte to compute the estimated probabilities of metastases for OS patients. The clinical predictive model was described by the following equations: probability of developing metastases = ex/(1 + ex), x = −2.150 + (1.680 × monocyte ratio) + (1.533 × NLR ratio), where is the base of the natural logarithm, the assignment to each of the 2 variables is 1 if the ratio >1 (otherwise 0). The calculated AUC of the receiver-operating characteristic curve as 0.793 revealed well accuracy of this model (95% CI, 0.740–0.845). The predicted probabilities that we generated with the cross-validation procedure had a similar AUC (0.743; 95% CI, 0.684–0.803). The present model could be used to improve the outcomes of the metastases by developing a predictive model considering circulating leukocyte influence to estimate the pretest probability of developing metastases in patients with OS.
Background
The overwhelming interest in economically cost‐effective treatments had led to an increase in the development of cosmetic facial injections. Concomitantly, complications have been also on the increasing trend. This article aimed to investigate the social–economic impact caused by infection after cosmetic facial injection.
Methods
A retrospective study was conducted between January 2014 and December 2019. Information including demographics, location of the original injection site, treatments, economic loss, and time away from work associated with complications was documented. Patients were asked to complete 2 FACE‐Q domains 4 weeks after the first presentation, including quality of life and patient experience.
Results
Complete data were available for 12 patients. All patients were female; the mean age was 32.66 years (range, 26–49 years). The mean therapeutic cost of atypical mycobacterium was 18170.58 USD. The mean time away from work was 51.25 days (range, 21–103 days). The mean cost of time away from work was 400.80 USD (range, 164.23–805.50 USD). From FACE‐Q, patients reported a decreased quality of social life, including social function (38.83 ± 12.10), psychological distress (48.67 ± 11.01), and early‐life impact (39.92 ± 10.15). Patients also reported low satisfaction with their decision to undergo the cosmetic facial injection.
Conclusions
Infection after cosmetic facial injection comes at a considerable social–economic impact on patients. Patients who responded in this study were extremely unsatisfied with the quality of life following the infection.
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