Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the neutralizer effect of antioxidant agents on the bond strength of bleached enamel.Materials and Methods:Sixty enamel slabs were prepared from 60 freshly extracted maxillary central incisors and were divided into six groups. The negative control group received no bleaching treatment and the other groups were bleached with 35% carbamide peroxide (Opalescence Quick; Ultradent, South Jordan, USA). In Group II, composite was built immediately after bleaching and cured without any antioxidants. In Group III, bleached specimens received composite build ups delayed by 1 week. In Groups IV, V, and VI bleached specimens received applications of superoxide dismutase (SOD), sodium ascorbate (SA), and tocopherol solutions, respectively, for 10 min. Following composite bonding, the micro shear bond strength (μSBS) was measured at a speed of 1 mm/min in universal testing machine.Statistical Analysis Used:The μSBS values of all the groups were analyzed using the analysis of variance followed by Tukey honestly significant difference post-hoc test.Results:Bonding of composites to unbleached group (Group I) exhibited the highest mean SBS values and among the antioxidant-treated groups, the highest SBS values were seen with SOD (Group IV) treated samples (23.0040 ± 4.30565 MPa).Conclusions:Application of SA, alpha-tocopherol, and SOD can effectively reverse the bond strength with bleached enamel. SOD gave a comparatively more promising reversal of bond strength than SA and alpha-tocopherol, and deserves further studies.

The Golgi apparatus (GA) is an important site of insulin processing and granule maturation, but whether GA organelle dysfunction and GA stress are present in the diabetic b-cell has not been tested. We used an informatics-based approach to develop a transcriptional signature of b-cell GA stress using existing RNA sequencing and microarray data sets generated using human islets from donors with diabetes and islets where type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes had been modeled ex vivo. To narrow our results to GA-specific genes, we applied a filter set of 1,030 genes accepted as GA associated. In parallel, we generated an RNA-sequencing data set from human islets treated with brefeldin A (BFA), a known GA stress inducer. Overlapping the T1D and T2D groups with the BFA data set, we identified 120 and 204 differentially expressed genes, respectively. In both the T1D and T2D models, pathway analyses revealed that the top pathways were associated with GA integrity, organization, and trafficking. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to validate a common signature of GA stress that included ATF3, ARF4, CREB3, and COG6. Taken together, these data indicate that GA-associated genes are dysregulated in diabetes and identify putative markers of b-cell GA stress.

SNP-ApAGP induces M1 polarization in M0 murine macrophages, and can also repolarize M2 macrophages into the M1 phenotype.

Paper‐based analytical devices constitute a remarkable platform for low‐cost and point‐of‐care application with minimal external resources. The present work aims at the development of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) based plasmonic substrates for food sensor application. AuNPs were synthesized by using redox method with dual reducing agents (tannic acid and citrate ions). Physicochemical and sensing characteristics were determined by various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The sensing characteristic was evaluated using melamine (MA) as representative analyte (food adulterants). HR‐TEM images imply that the synthesized AuNPs was spherically‐shaped with an average dimension of 5 nm. After the interaction of MA with AuNPs, the size of the NPs changed from 5 to 8.9 nm due to aggregation. The interaction of MA with AuNPs has been carried out in the solution phase as well as in the strip phase by visual and spectroscopic techniques. The concentration dependent color variation was observed with a limit of detection 5×10−5 M in the solution phase. This sensor probe is highly specific for MA and did not show any visible color variation with other adulterants. The sensor system is simple, reproducible and highly promising for rapid and low‐cost sensing of MA in food samples.

Development of multifunctional fluorescent inks is gaining attention owing to the current technological developments in optoelectronics. The present work involves the development of a simple and highly fluorescent carbon quantum dot (CQD)-based nano-ink suitable for sensor and bioimaging applications.CQDs were synthesized by a one-pot hydrothermal method using folic acid (FA) a carbon source. The synthesized CQDs were conjugated with hydroxyapatite (HAP) and sodium aliginate (SA) by covalent and ionic linkages methods. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra confirm the formation of nano-inks by the ionic interaction between the HAP and SA and conjugation with CQDs through hydrogen bonding. The surface morphology of the CQDs and nano-inks depicts that the particles exhibit in spherical and needle-like morphological structures, respectively. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern confirms that the obtained CQDs and fluorescent nano-ink are highly crystalline in nature. The SA and HAP provided shear thinning ability and structural stability for the fluorescent nano-ink. The nano-ink-based strips displayed high fluorescence under Ultraviolet irradiation. The fluorescent nano-ink could be used in bioimaging, flourescent coatings, and anti-counterfeiting applications.