Countries striving to improve their HSE should aim to impact population behavior and welfare rather than only ensure adequate medical care. In addition, they may consider avoiding specific institutional arrangements, namely gatekeeping and the presence of multiple insurers. Finally, the ambiguous association found between socioeconomic and environmental indicators, and a country's HSE necessitates caution when interpreting different ranking techniques in a cross-country efficiency evaluation and needs further exploration.

Although the measurement of efficiency and productivity in the tourism industry at the micro level has been the subject of considerable research in recent years, there has been little research at the macro level. Using data envelopment analysis, this paper analyses the efficiency of the tourism sector in 105 countries, including 34 developed and 71 developing countries. It finds that globalization and accessibility are critical for the efficiency of the tourism sector in developing countries and that labour productivity may be a good proxy for the efficiency of the aggregate tourism industry.

This paper analyzes the implications of investors' legal protection on aggregate productivity and growth. We have two main results. First, that better investors' legal protection can mitigate agency problems between investors and innovators and therefore expand the range of high-tech projects that can be financed by non-bank investors. Second, investors' legal protection shifts investment resources from less productive (medium-tech) to highly productive (high-tech) projects and therefore enhances economic growth. These results stem from two forces. On one hand, private investors' moral hazard problems (in which entrepreneurs shift investors' resources to their own benefit), and on the other hand innovators' risk of project termination by banks due to wrong signals about projects' probability of success. Our results are consistent with recent empirical studies that show a high correlation between legal investors' protection and the structure of the financial system as well as the economic performance at industry and macroeconomic levels.

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Several studies found that people have a positive utility when they have more than others do. These papers claim that individuals are willing to sacrifice part of their absolute income or products in order to have more than others. As far as we know, the current paper is the first to show that positionality is bounded, so that individuals enjoy having more than others only when the gap between them and the others is not too large. Using the results from a survey-based experiment conducted in Israel that included 924 participants, we show that when individuals were asked to forgive some of their income in order to have a higher income compared to others, most of them chose to forgive their absolute income in order to have more than others. However, when individuals were asked to forgive the same amount of income in order to a have a much higher income compared to others, the attractiveness of having more than others significantly decreased. These results may indicate that individuals suffer from a disutility when extreme gaps exist in society, even if they are the ones with the high income.