Macro-fungi produce large fructifications that are visible without the help of a microscope. They play an important role in the conservation of forest ecosystems and biodiversity. The current study deals with the diversity of macro-fungi in the subtropical mixed forest of Arjam, Myagdi District. The study was conducted from June to September 2020, at a height of 1250 to 1450 meters above sea level. In three transects, 10 m×10 m quadrat was used and a total of 18 plots were made. A total of 70 macrofungal taxa were collected. Among them, 56 were identified at the species level, and 14 were generic levels belonging to 26 different families and 12 orders. The highest species-containing family was Russulaceae, with 16 species, whereas the densest species was Mycena sp., comprising 11.8 percent and Cantharellus cibarius was the most frequent species, consisting of 44.44 percent.

Fungi are a diverse group of organisms ranging from microscopic to macroscopic mushrooms. Being a major group of decomposers, they are essential for the survival of other organisms in the ecosystem and important for the degradation of organic matter. The main aim of this study was to study the macrofungal diversity of Brahakshetra Community Forest, Ghorahi, Dang. The forest is mainly dominated by Shorea robusta and other associated species. The study was made from June to September 2020.  The sampling was done by using a 10×10m quadrate in a line transect and each plot was divided into 5×5m  quadrats and samples were collected during the rainy season from different habitats of the forest. Mushrooms were photographed in their natural habitat and preserved in dry and liquid preservation. The specimens were identified by examining their macroscopic and microscopic features, and also by using references from standard literature and websites. In the study, a total of 66 species were recorded under 30 genera belonging to 21 families, and 8 orders. Among them, 65 belong to basidiomycetes and 1 belongs to Ascomycetes. Agaricales was found as the largest order followed by Russulales and Boletales. The diversity indices, the Shannon Weiner index and Simpson diversity index were found to be 3.59 and 0.93 respectively. The result of this study concludes that the Brahakshetra Community Forest was rich in macrofungal diversity, especially ectomycorrhizal. There were positive trends between species richness of macrofungi and environmental variables, i.e., tree canopy, soil pH, soil moisture, and leaf litter which means species increased with increasing these environmental variables.

The study analyzes the nutrient content of three wild edible mushrooms Cantharellus cibarius, Laccaria laccata and Scleroderma cepa commonly consumed by the local people of Arjam, Myagdi district. Thirteen parameters were analyzed such as ash, carbohydrate, fat, moisture, protein, manganese, zinc, magnesium, potassium, iron, copper, phosphorus and calcium. The test methods used for ash, fat, moisture, protein and phosphorous content were ignition, soxhlet extraction, oven dry method, kjeldahl digestion method and spectrophotometric method respectively. Carbohydrate content was determined by calculation method and iron, manganese, copper, zinc, calcium, magnesium and potassium content estimation were done by AAS method. All macro and micronutrient compositions were determined on a dry weight basis. Ash, carbohydrate, fat, moisture and protein are ranges from 7.05-13.38%, 61.89-71.37%, 0.78-1.94%, 12.37-13.66% and 16.18-24.47% respectively, whereas calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and potassium ranges from 0.13-0.15 µg/g, 0.09-0.11µg/g, 0.25-0.37 µg/g and 1.41-3.40 µg/g respectively. Similarly copper, iron, manganese and zinc ranges from 2.40-30.94 µg/g, 0.08-0.20 µg/g, 7.22-16.06 µg/g and 45.70-77.35 µg/g respectively.

This paper deals with the fungal diseases of important tree species, which have enormous economic value, i.e. Melia azedarach, Celtis australis and Toona ciliata. These tree species are used for timber, fuelwood, fodder and for infrastructure development. A number of devastating fungal diseases were prevalent among the tree species in plantation forest of Myagdi district. For Isolation and identification of pathogen infected samples were cut into small pieces, washed, sterilized with 70% ethanol and transferred to Petri plates containing potato dextrose agar (PDA) media. Then, incubated at 25 ± 2ºC and after few days when fungal colonies developed observed in microscope. These fungal pathogen causing different disease were Erysiphe kusanoi (powdery mildew), Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (anthracnose), Pestalotia neglecta and Fusarium sp. (canker) and Alternaria alternata (blight). It has been concluded that to moderate the damages caused by these pathogens, it is must to identify them early in the infection process.