Background Few studies exist that examined the role of radiofrequency microneedling (RFMN) in skin electrocoagulation. This research utilized a porcine model to understand bipolar dermal delivery from an RFMN device. Aims The objective of this study was to elucidate and compare the dermal thermal effects of a RFMN device producing 1 and 2 MHz signal amplitudes, with respective voltage and current gradients, utilizing noninsulated and insulated needles by examining the histologic effects on porcine skin. Methods Two separate animal studies were conducted to evaluate the electrocoagulation and thermal diffusion effects using the RFMN device. The electrocoagulation effects were assessed histologically using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and heating effects were assessed through thermal imaging. Results Histology results of the thermal injury induced by insulated needles demonstrated that 2 MHz resulted in a narrow and concentrated coagulation zone as compared to 1 MHz. Further, the 1 MHz insulated needle resulted in ovular shaped tissue coagulation as compared to 2 MHz tissue coagulation that was columnar. Finally, full thermal diffusion occurs seconds after the set RF conduction time. Conclusion The findings showed that 1 MHz insulated needle produces larger coagulations with an increase in power level, the 1 MHz noninsulated array was comparable to the 2 MHz insulated array with similar histologic features, and heat dissipates seconds after the set conduction time.

The basic human need to look young has led to many concepts in facial rejuvenation. One such concept is the adaptation of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for dermatologic uses. 1 PRP was originally developed to improve healing in orthopedic and dental surgery, but is now used in plastic surgery via injection for wound healing and hair growth. 2,3 The next horizon is the adaptation of PRP for topical uses in cosmetic formulations.Platelets are composed of a cytoskeleton and intracellular structures such as glycogen, lysosomes, and two granules, the dense granule and the alpha-granule. The granules are the most valuable structures for the development of the current topical product. The dense granule has adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), serotonin, and calcium, while the alpha-granule contains clotting factors, growth factors, and proteins. 4 The main goal for the topical product is to keep the enclosed cellular components active throughout the intended time period of use and obtain enough platelets to be considered platelet-rich plasma.The normal platelet count in human blood is 150 000-350 000/ microliter. PRP is defined as 1 000 000 platelets per microliter in a small volume of plasma with a full complement of clotting factors. There are seven key growth factors in PRP: platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFaa, PDGFbb, PDGFab), transforming growth factors Abstract Background: Platelet rich plasma (PRP) is traditionally used as an injectable material for enhanced healing, hair growth, and facial rejuvenation. Aims: This research examined the novel use of topical autologously sourced PRP added to a preservative cosmetic base and applied twice daily to the face following electroporation for 8 weeks. Methods: 20 healthy female and male subjects 30-60 years of age were enrolled in this single-site, investigator blinded, vehicle controlled split-face study to evaluate the effect of a PRP-containing serum versus the serum alone on facial photoaging. Results: 90 day stability for the PRP in a preservative serum was achieved with refrigeration at 4 degrees Celsius. Facial skin biopsy histologic findings included improved rete peg architecture. Immunohistochemical analysis showed upregulation for collagen type I with qPCR data demonstrating concomitant upregulation of mRNA for collagen after 8 weeks of topical PRP use. Conclusion: These pilot study findings may indicate value for topical PRP in facial rejuvenation. K E Y W O R D S aging skin, cosmetics, facial rejuvenation, platelet-rich plasma, PRPThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creat ive Commo ns Attri butio n-NonCo mmercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

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