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The wide-spread Internet of Things (IoT) utilization in almost every scope of our life made it possible to automate daily life tasks with no human intervention. This promising technology has immense potential for making life much easier and open new opportunities for newly developed applications to emerge. However, meeting the diverse Quality of Service (QoS) demands of different applications remains a formidable topic due to diverse traffic patterns, unpredictable network traffic, and resource-limited nature of IoT devices. In this context, application-tailored QoS provisioning mechanisms have been the primary focus of academic research. This paper presents a literature review on QoS techniques developed in academia for IoT applications and investigates current research trends. Background knowledge on IoT, QoS metrics, and critical enabling technologies will be given beforehand, delving into the literature review. According to the comparison presented in this work, the commonly considered QoS metrics are Latency, Reliability, Throughput, and Network Usage. The reviewed studies considered the metrics that fit their provisioning solutions.

<p>Internet of Things (IoT) systems usually produce massive amounts of data, while the number of devices connected to the internet might reach billions by now. Sending all this data over the internet will overhead the cloud and consume bandwidth. Fog computing's (FC) promising technology can solve the issue of computing and networking bottlenecks in large-scale IoT applications. This technology complements the cloud computing by providing processing power and storage to the edge of the network. However, it still suffers from performance and security issues. Thus, machine learning (ML) attracts attention for enabling FC to settle its issues. Lately, there has been a growing trend in utilizing ML to improve FC applications, like resource management, security, lessen latency and power usage. Also, intelligent FC was studied to address issues in industry 4.0, bioinformatics, blockchain and vehicular communication system. Due to the ML vital role in the FC paradigm, this work will shed light on recent studies utilized ML in a FC environment. Background knowledge about ML and FC also presented. This paper categorized the surveyed studies into three groups according to the aim of ML implementation. These studies were thoroughly reviewed and compared using sum-up tables. The results showed that not all studies used the same performance metric except those worked on security issues. In conclusion, the simulations of proposed ML models are not sufficient due to the heterogeneous nature of the FC paradigm.</p>

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